#sen2geneID pmid senID geneID hgncID approvedSymbol matchString actualString startPos score flankingText matchCodeID tag SciMinerVersion SciMinerMethod inExClude inExCludeCond phenotypeOnly conflictCode hgncIDbyNR NRText editTag editUser oldGeneID oldHgncID oldApprovedSymbol oldInExClude oldInExCludeCond 305252 3772394 443573 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 significant increase in immunosuppressive acidic protein iap in serum of patients with multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory neurological disorders. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 305254 3772394 443577 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 in multiple sclerosis patients however iap increased during exacerbation 630 +/ 191 and decreased during the inactive stage 433 +/ 170 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 297407 8605177 424637 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 human mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase polymorphic variant ile58thr reduces activity by destabilizing the tetrameric interface. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 297409 8605177 424638 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 human manganese superoxide dismutase mnsod is a homotetrameric enzyme which protects mitochondria against oxygen mediated free radical damage. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 296756 9086508 423597 1133 727 ARTN neurotrophic factor neurotrophic factor 0 0.0 neurotrophic factors ntfs such as nerve growth factor ngf brain derived neurotrophic factor bdnf and ciliary neurotrophic factor cntf are currently being explored as novel therapeutics in a range of neurodegenerative disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis als and alzheimer's disease. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 296760 9086508 423606 1133 727 ARTN neurotrophic factor neurotrophic factor 0 0.0 brain derived neurotrophic factor|ciliary neurotrophic factor|nerve growth factors|nerve tissue proteins| 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 296076 9125377 422219 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 ad vectors may not be easily used either in diseases displaying major immune dysfunction e.g multiple sclerosis . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 288507 9562310 408248 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 ted in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis csf gijbels et al. 1990 and systemic lupus erythematosus with central nervous system involvement hirohata and miyamoto 1990 but il 6 was not detected in multiple sclerosis ms houssiau et al. 1988 ; frei et al. 1988 and araga et al. 1991 or detected no more frequently than in neurological disease controls hauser et al. 1990 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 288508 9562310 408248 20402 18176 SLEV1 systemic lupus erythematosus systemic lupus erythematosus 0 1.0 il 6 was detected in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis csf gijbels et al. 1990 and systemic lupus erythematosus with central nervous system involvement hirohata and miyamoto 1990 but il 6 was not detected in multiple sclerosis ms houssiau et al. 1988 ; frei et al. 1988 and araga et al. 1991 or detected no more 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 288523 9562310 408278 551 399 ALB albumin albumin 0 0.0 igg index was determined by the quotient csf igg/serum igg divided by the quotient csf albumin/serum albumin. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 288546 9562310 408324 20402 18176 SLEV1 systemic lupus erythematosus systemic lupus erythematosus 0 1.0 serum il 6 was not measured in als but prior studies have shown that il 6 can concentrate in the csf compartment e.g during active cns systemic lupus erythematosus hirohata and miyamoto 1990 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 273831 10417811 383073 16700 9030 PLA2G1B phospholipase a2 phospholipase a2 0 0.0 cytosolic phospholipase a2 is induced in reactive glia following different forms of neurodegeneration. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 275737 10525172 386981 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 inflammatory reaction is thought to be an important contributor to neuronal damage in neurodegenerative disorders such as alzheimer's disease ad parkinson's disease pd multiple sclerosis ms amyotrophic lateral sclerosis als and the parkinsonism dementia complex of guam. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 275738 10525172 386988 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 many proteins known to be involved in inflammatory processes with senile plaques and microfibrillary tangles in chronic neurodegenerative disorders like alzheimer's disease ad parkinson's disease pd multiple sclerosis ms amyotrophic lateral sclerosis als and the parkinsonism dementia complex of guam is consistent with the autotoxic loop hypothesis developed by mcgeer and mcgeer [ 56 57 ] fig 1 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 275743 10525172 387026 5284 19986 CYCS cytochrome c cytochrome c 0 0.0 moreover excess no may also promote an increase of o 2 _amp_#x2212; production by binding to the heme moiety of the cytochrome c oxidase the complex iv of the electron transport chain in the mitochondrial membrane. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 275749 10525172 387085 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 multiple sclerosis 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 253054 11173059 346482 1133 727 ARTN neurotrophic factor neurotrophic factor 0 0.0 neurotrophic factors such as brain derived neurotrophic factor bdnf ciliary neurotrophic factor cntf and insulin like growth factor 1 igf 1 enhance motor neuron survival in vitro and can also exert beneficial effects in mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis reviewed in yuen and mobley 1 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 253056 11173059 346482 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 neurotrophic factors such as brain derived neurotrophic factor bdnf ciliary neurotrophic factor cntf and insulin like growth factor 1 igf 1 enhance motor neuron survival in vitro and can also exert beneficial effects in mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis reviewed in yuen and mobley 1996 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 253057 11173059 346482 9939 5464 IGF1 insulin like growth factor insulin like growth factor 0 0.0 neurotrophic factors such as brain derived neurotrophic factor bdnf ciliary neurotrophic factor cntf and insulin like growth factor 1 igf 1 enhance motor neuron survival in vitro and can also exert beneficial effects in mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis reviewed in yuen and mobley 1996 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 253075 11173059 346527 11942 21210 LPAL2 apolipoprotein apolipoprotein 0 1.0 rkinson's disease have revealed that allele polymorphism of the promoter sequence nac rep1 is significantly associated with an increased risk of disease development especially in combination with the apolipoprotein apo allele 4 kruger et al. 1999 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 2 UserEdit 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 253093 11173059 346605 1133 727 ARTN neurotrophic factor neurotrophic factor 0 0.0 a number of neurotrophic factors show protective effects on dopaminergic neurons in vivo including glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor gdnf basic fibroblast growth factor bfgf brain derived neurotrophic factor neurotrophin 3 neurotrophin 4/5 ciliary neurotrophic factor and transforming growth factor tgf _amp_#x3b2; dunnett and bj_amp_#xf6;rklund 1999 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 253094 11173059 346605 1133 727 ARTN neurotrophic factor neurotrophic factor 0 0.0 neurotrophin 3 neurotrophin 4/5 ciliary neurotrophic factor and transforming growth factor tgf _amp_#x3b2; dunnett and bj_amp_#xf6;rklund 1999 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 253095 11173059 346605 1624 1033 BDNF neurotrophin neurotrophin 0 0.0 rophic factors show protective effects on dopaminergic neurons in vivo including glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor gdnf basic fibroblast growth factor bfgf brain derived neurotrophic factor neurotrophin 3 neurotrophin 4/5 ciliary neurotrophic factor and transforming growth factor tgf _amp_#x3b2; dunnett and bj_amp_#xf6;rklund 1999 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 253096 11173059 346605 1624 1033 BDNF neurotrophin neurotrophin 0 0.0 3 neurotrophin 4/5 ciliary neurotrophic factor and transforming growth factor tgf _amp_#x3b2; dunnett and bj_amp_#xf6;rklund 1999 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 253100 11173059 346605 7522 3676 FGF2 basic fibroblast growth factor basic fibroblast growth factor 0 0.0 a number of neurotrophic factors show protective effects on dopaminergic neurons in vivo including glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor gdnf basic fibroblast growth factor bfgf brain derived neurotrophic factor neurotrophin 3 neurotrophin 4/5 ciliary neurotrophic factor and transforming growth factor tgf _amp_#x3b2; dunnett and bj_amp_#xf6;rklund 1999 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 253112 11173059 346635 24393 12854 YWHAQ protein tau protein tau 0 1.0 they are composed of hyperphosphorylated insoluble forms of microtubule associated protein tau often conjugated with ubiquitin selkoe 1999 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 2 UserEdit 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 253117 11173059 346674 11942 21210 LPAL2 apolipoprotein apolipoprotein 0 0.0 at present the most important genetic information in patients with late onset alzheimer disease comes from the analysis of allele polymorphism of the apolipoprotein e apoe gene. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 253123 11173059 346688 10436 5991 IL1A interleukin 1 interleukin 1 0 0.0 therefore polymorphism analysis of the 1 antichymotrypsin gene especially in conjunction with that of the interleukin 1 gene may provide further indications for the use of anti inflammatory drugs or interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in alzheimer disease table 4 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 253124 11173059 346688 10444 5993 IL1R1 interleukin 1 receptor interleukin 1 receptor 0 0.0 therefore polymorphism analysis of the 1 antichymotrypsin gene especially in conjunction with that of the interleukin 1 gene may provide further indications for the use of anti inflammatory drugs or interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in alzheimer disease table 4 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 253135 11173059 346710 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 brain derived neurotrophic factor levels are decreased in alzheimer disease hippocampi ferrer et al. 1999 and insulin like growth factor 1 shows protective effects against _amp_#x3b2; amyloid protein neurotoxicity dore et al. 1999 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 253136 11173059 346710 9939 5464 IGF1 insulin like growth factor insulin like growth factor 0 0.0 brain derived neurotrophic factor levels are decreased in alzheimer disease hippocampi ferrer et al. 1999 and insulin like growth factor 1 shows protective effects against _amp_#x3b2; amyloid protein neurotoxicity dore et al. 1999 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 253145 11173059 346727 10436 5991 IL1A interleukin 1 interleukin 1 0 0.0 therapeutic trials involving the use of anti inflammatory drugs or interleukin 1 antagonists e.g. interleukin 1 receptor antagonist inhibitors of interleukin 1 converting enzyme are now being planned: results are eagerly awaited as they may lead to substantial changes in treatment protocols for alzheimer disease table 4 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 253146 11173059 346727 10444 5993 IL1R1 interleukin 1 receptor interleukin 1 receptor 0 0.0 therapeutic trials involving the use of anti inflammatory drugs or interleukin 1 antagonists e.g. interleukin 1 receptor antagonist inhibitors of interleukin 1 converting enzyme are now being planned: results are eagerly awaited as they may lead to substantial changes in treatment protocols for alzheimer disease table 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 247364 11458198 336764 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 this paper reviews the possible mechanisms which may play a role in metal induced autoimmunity with the emphasis on multiple sclerosis ms rheumatoid arthritis ra and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis als . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 234259 11796754 317532 22551 11892 TNF tumor necrosis factor tumor necrosis factor 0 0.0 e 30 being elevated and seven decreased. cdna microarray analysis to monitor gene expression during neurodegeneration revealed an up regulation of genes related to an inflammatory process such as the tumor necrosis factor alpha tnf alpha gene resulting from glial cell activation together with the change in apoptosis related gene expression such as caspase 1. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 235282 11847479 319132 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 sufficient to show whether tnf has a pathogenic or a protective role in mnd though anti tnf antibodies have shown protective effects in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis eae an animal model of multiple sclerosis ms . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 235283 11847479 319134 22551 11892 TNF tumor necrosis factor tumor necrosis factor 0 0.0 antibodies monoclonal|nf kappa b|nerve growth factors|neuroprotective agents|receptors tumor necrosis factor|tumor necrosis factor alpha|superoxide dismutase| 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 227548 12060810 305734 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 familial als accounts for 10_amp_#37; of all cases and mutations of the superoxide dismutase 1 sod1 gene have been identified in about 20_amp_#37; of the familial cases. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 228120 12076984 307182 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 asing evidence has suggested that inflammation in the brain is closely associated with the pathogenesis of several degenerative neurologic disorders including parkinson's disease alzheimer's diseases multiple sclerosis amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and aids dementia. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 229974 12137643 310068 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 recombinant human insulin like growth factor i rhigf i for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 229976 12137643 310069 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 background: trophic factors including recombinant human insulin like growth factor i have been postulated as possible disease modifying therapies for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 229978 12137643 310070 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 randomised clinical trials of recombinant human insulin like growth factor i in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to date have yielded conflicting results. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 229980 12137643 310071 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 objectives: the main objective of this review was to examine the efficacy of recombinant human insulin like growth factor i in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 229982 12137643 310073 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 search strategy: a search was carried out using the cochrane neuromuscular disease group register for randomised clinical trials of recombinant human insulin like growth factor i in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 229984 12137643 310074 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 enquiries were also made of authors of randomised clinical trials as well as the manufacturers of recombinant human insulin like growth factor i regarding any other randomised clinical trials which had not yet been published. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 229986 12137643 310075 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 selection criteria: types of studies: all randomised controlled clinical trials involving recombinant human insulin like growth factor i treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 229988 12137643 310077 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 types of interventions: treatment with recombinant human insulin like growth factor i or placebo. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 229990 12137643 310078 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 types of outcome measures: primary: change in appel amyotrophic lateral sclerosis rating scale aalsrs total score with 0.1mg/kg/day of recombinant human insulin like growth factor i after nine months treatment. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 229992 12137643 310079 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 secondary: change in aalsrs with recombinant human insulin like growth factor i 0.1mg/kg/day and 0.05mg/kg/day at 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 months change in quality of life sickness impact profile scale survival and adverse events. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 229994 12137643 310084 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 main results: the primary outcome measure was change in disease progression as determined by the appel als rating scale total score with 0.1 mg/kg/day of recombinant human insulin like growth factor i subcutaneously after nine months treatment. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 229996 12137643 310085 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 the level of significance was lower in the european trial which compared 59 patients on placebo with 124 on insulin like growth factor i 0.1 mg/kg/day weighted mean difference 3.30 95%ci 8.68 to 2.08 than in the north american trial which compared 90 patients on placebo with 89 on recombinant human insulin like gr 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 229997 12137643 310085 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 like growth factor i 0.1 mg/kg/day weighted mean difference 3.30 95%ci 8.68 to 2.08 than in the north american trial which compared 90 patients on placebo with 89 on recombinant human insulin like growth factor i 0.05 mg/kg/day 89 patients and 87 patients on 0.1mg/kg/day weighted mean difference 6.00 95%ci 10.99 to 1.01 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 230000 12137643 310087 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 the secondary outcome measures showed similar trends favouring recombinant human insulin like growth factor i but these did not reach significance at the five per cent level. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 230002 12137643 310088 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 similarly the data with the 0.05mg/kg/day dose showed trends favouring recombinant human insulin like growth factor i at all time points but did not reach significance at the five per cent level at any point. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 230004 12137643 310089 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 evaluation of adverse events showed an increased risk of injection site reactions/inflammation with recombinant human insulin like growth factor i relative risk 2.53 95% ci 1.40 to 4.59 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 230006 12137643 310091 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 reviewer's conclusions: recombinant human insulin like growth factor i may be modestly effective but the evidence currently available is insufficient for a definitive assessment. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 218045 12387699 291553 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 ible for the selective loss of motor neurones are still unknown however several hypotheses have been put forward including oxidative damage and/or toxicity from intracellular aggregates due to mutant superoxide dismutase 1 activity axonal strangulation from cytoskeletal abnormalities loss of trophic factor support and glutamate mediated excitotoxicity. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 220509 12417341 294835 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 approximately 10% of als is familial and 10_amp_#x2013;20% of these familial als fals cases are caused by missense mutations in the cu/zn superoxide dismutase sod1 gene [ 1 ] while others are considered to be sporadic als sals . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 220514 12417341 294930 19134 10417 RPS27A ubiquitin ubiquitin 0 0.0 dorfin is a new ring finger type ubiquitin ligase containing two ring finger motifs and an ibr motif at its n terminus. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 215954 12528305 289116 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 superoxide dismutase 1|superoxide dismutase| 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 199268 12843244 266717 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 we show here that the expression of caspase 11 is upregulated in the spinal cord of superoxide dismutase 1 sod1 g93a transgenic mice a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis als before the onset of motor dysfunction and remains at the high levels throughout the course of disease. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 199270 12843244 266718 10436 5991 IL1A interleukin 1 interleukin 1 0 0.0 the caspase 1 and caspase 3 like activities as well as the level of interleukin 1 beta were significantly reduced in the spinal cord of symptomatic caspase 11 / ;sod1 g93a mice compared with that of caspase 11 +/ ; sod1 g93a mice. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 199274 12843244 266723 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 nd lower motor neurons leading to paralysis and death at ~1 5 years after the onset cleveland and rothstein 2001 ~5% of the cases in 1993 rosen et al demonstrated that several mutations in the cu /zn superoxide dismutase sod1 are causally responsible for a subset of familial als fals . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 199297 12843244 266771 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 aspase 11 has been found to be induced under multiple pathological conditions including lps induced septic shock wang et al. 1996 the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis eae as a mouse model of multiple sclerosis hisahara et al. 2001 brain ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion as a mouse model of stroke kang et al. 2000 and g93a transgenic mice this study . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 193546 14511332 258352 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 missense mutations in a gene encoding for the cu/zn superoxide dismutase sod1 account for a familial form of als linked to chromosome 21q rosen et al . 1993 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 195620 14556941 260916 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 recent studies suggest that glutamate neurotoxicity is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis ms and that treatment with glutamate receptor ampa/kainate antagonists inhibits experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis eae the conventional model of ms. therefore we examined whether riluzole an i 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 195622 14556941 260925 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 multiple sclerosis ms is a chronic disabling autoimmune neurological disorder targeting the white matter of the central nervous system cns . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 196866 14597108 262734 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 d immunohistochemically in mature senile plaques and reactive microglia in brain tissues of patients suffering from alzheimer's disease [ ishizuka et al. 1997 ] as well as in demyelinating plaques in multiple sclerosis patients [ mcmanus et al. 1998 ]. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 188368 14661102 251387 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 tion in certain neurodegenerative disorders parkinson s disease alzheimer s disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis stroke and inflammatory and autoimmune disorders with particular attention devoted to multiple sclerosis . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 188369 14661102 251390 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 the participation of nitrative oxidation to the direct and indirect injury of neurons and other cells of the brain i.e. oligodendrocytes for multiple sclerosis is clear; less evident is their relevance for the development and progression of these disorders. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 190874 14739060 254321 12355 6872 MAPK10 map kinase map kinase 0 1.0 it is now recognized that redox regulation involving ros is key to the modulation of critical cellular functions notably for neurons astrocytes and microglia such as mitogene activated protein map kinase cascade activation ion transport calcium mobilization and apoptosis program activation. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 2 UserEdit 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 190898 14739060 254413 19134 10417 RPS27A ubiquitin ubiquitin 0 0.0 parkin is one member of the family of ubiquitin ligase responsible for ubiquination a process tagging proteins for degradation through proteosomal pathway. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 190902 14739060 254448 12580 7008 MELAS mitochondrial encephalomyopathy mitochondrial encephalomyopathy 0 0.0 the classic phenotypes of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy has been described as mitochondrial encephalomyopathy lactic acidosis and stroke like episodes syndrome melas . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 190903 14739060 254448 12580 7008 MELAS mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, mitochondrial encephalomyopathy lactic acidosis an 0 1.0 the classic phenotypes of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy has been described as mitochondrial encephalomyopathy lactic acidosis and stroke like episodes syndrome melas . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 190904 14739060 254456 12580 7008 MELAS mitochondrial encephalomyopathy mitochondrial encephalomyopathy 0 1.0 primary coenzyme q deficiency cause a mitochondrial encephalomyopathy that is responsive to coenzyme q administration [ 44 ]. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 181107 14960605 241508 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 transgenic mice expressing a mutant form of the superoxide dismutase 1 sod1 linked to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis were challenged intraperitoneally with a single nontoxic or repeated injections of lps 1 mg/kg . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 181110 14960605 241514 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 key words: innate immunity ; neurodegeneration ; lipopolysaccharide ; microglia ; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; superoxide dismutase 1 ; proinflammatory cytokines ; transgenic mice 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 181112 14960605 241519 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 interestingly numerous proinflammatory genes are induced in the cns of presymptomatic mice expressing a mutant form of superoxide dismutase 1 sod1 linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis als the most common form of human motor neuron disease nguyen et al. 2001b ~20% cases of familial als rosen et al. 1993 ; cudkowicz et al. 1997 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 181117 14960605 241565 22551 11892 TNF tumor necrosis factor tumor necrosis factor 0 0.0 n l5 segment and cervical part of the spinal cord are microglial cells see fig 3 laflamme et al. 2001 kappab alpha [inhibitory protein of nuclear factor kappab nf kappab ] index of nf kappab activity tumor necrosis factor alpha tnf alpha and cd14 data not shown . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 176639 15081582 235244 7522 3676 FGF2 basic fibroblast growth factor basic fibroblast growth factor 0 0.0 astrocytic cox 2 is also induced by lps tnf basic fibroblast growth factor bfgf and phorbol ester o'banion 1999 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 170007 15210305 227155 11942 21210 LPAL2 apolipoprotein apolipoprotein 0 0.0 no conclusive data have emerged from the analysis of potential risk factors in als such as the neurofilament heavy subunit [ 25 ] the apolipoprotein e allele 4 [ 71 ] the gene survival motor neuron smn and neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein naip [ 79 ]. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 170009 15210305 227156 1133 727 ARTN neurotrophic factor neurotrophic factor 0 0.0 recently ciliary neurotrophic factor cntf has been proposed as a modifier gene since the rare null mutations cause an earlier age of onset of disease in fals cases carrying a sod1 mutation. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 170012 15210305 227223 20339 13448 SLC38A2 amino acid transporter 2 amino acid transporter 2 0 0.0 for this reason the expression of glutamate receptors and of the excitatory amino acid transporter 2 eaat2 which is involved in the removal of glutamate from the synapse in spinal cord have been extensively investigated [ 92 and 107 ]. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 170028 15210305 227268 4437 2004 CLA3 cerebellar ataxia cerebellar ataxia 0 1.0 epm1 is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by seizures myoclonus and progression to cerebellar ataxia. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 170055 15210305 227344 78 61 ABCD1 adrenoleukodystrophy adrenoleukodystrophy 0 1.0 a form of x linked adrenoleukodystrophy x ald which involves the spinal cord adrenomyeloneuropathy amn is another neurodegenerative disease characterized by elevated levels of saturated long chain fatty acids lcfa [ 64 ]. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 2 UserEdit 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 170062 15210305 227386 11942 21210 LPAL2 apolipoprotein apolipoprotein 0 0.0 apolipoprotein e apoe and to a lesser extent apo d gene expression are induced up to fivefold at 120 days of age. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 170070 15210305 227442 17345 9449 PRNP prion protein prion protein 0 0.0 inflammatory rna profile of microglia has been recently described which contrasts with that of uninfected microglia exposed to inflammatory stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide and ifn gamma as well as prion protein prp amyloid [ 5 ]. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 170072 15210305 227444 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 up regulation of a subset of mrnas involved in inflammatory/immune functions have been described in monocyte depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients affected by relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis compared to age and sex matched controls [ 88 ]. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 175691 15341181 234528 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 evidence is now available to support this scenario for neurological disorders such as alzheimer's disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis parkinson's disease multiple sclerosis and huntington's disease but also in the brain damage following ischemia and reperfusion down's syndrome and mitochondrial encephalopathies. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 164720 15453089 221240 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 this article will review new data in this area focusing on some major human neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis amyotrophic lateral sclerosis parkinson disease creutzfeldt jakob disease and alzheimer disease. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 164737 15453089 221281 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 the present article will review new data in this area focusing on some major human neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis ms amyotrophic lateral sclerosis als parkinson disease pd creutzfeldt jakob disease cjd and alzheimer disease ad . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 164760 15453089 221308 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 multiple sclerosis ms is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the cns with a typical onset in the early adult life and characterized by perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages into the brain parenc 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 164783 15453089 221345 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 missense mutations in the gene encoding for the cu/zn superoxide dismutase sod1 account for a familial form of als linked to chromosome 21q. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 164808 15453089 221395 17345 9449 PRNP prion protein prion protein 0 0.0 the characteristic neuropathological signs of the disease are amyloid deposition of the proteinase resistant prion protein prp res or prp sc astrocytosis and spongiform degeneration. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 161133 15571972 216653 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 minocycline could also facilitate recovery after spinal cord injury lee et al. 2003 and wells et al. 2003 attenuate neuropathic pain raghavendra et al. 2003 and display beneficial effect in models of multiple sclerosis brundula et al. 2002 and nelissen et al. 2003 and autoimmune encephalomyelitis popovic et al. 2002 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 161396 15572176 216888 22551 11892 TNF tumor necrosis factor tumor necrosis factor 0 0.0 while ngf can signal through activation of the high affinity trka receptor it also can activate the non selective neurotrophin receptor p75 ntr a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 161397 15572176 216888 3889 11919 CD40 tumor necrosis factor receptor tumor necrosis factor receptor 0 0.0 while ngf can signal through activation of the high affinity trka receptor it also can activate the non selective neurotrophin receptor p75 ntr a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 161402 15572176 216897 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 expression of ngf receptors in active multiple sclerosis lesions suggests a role for ngf in regulating the autoimmune response at both immune and glial cell levels [ 17 and 135 ]. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 155438 15649489 206205 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 a major advance in understanding its pathogenesis came from the genetics that identified mutations in the gene coding for copper_amp_#x2013;zinc superoxide dismutase 1 sod1 in a subset of patients with autosomal dominant inherited als rosen et al. 1993 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 155448 15649489 206294 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 recently daily treatment with 45 mg po pioglitazone for 3 years induced apparent clinical improvement without adverse events treatment in a patient with secondary multiple sclerosis pershadsingh et al. 2004 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 156677 15657392 207607 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 here we show that muscle restricted expression of a localized insulin like growth factor igf 1 isoform maintained muscle integrity and enhanced satellite cell activity in sod1 transgenic mice inducing calcineurin mediated regenerative pathways. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 156679 15657392 207610 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 abbreviations used in this paper: achr acetylcholine receptor; als amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; cna calcineurin; gfap glial fibrillary acidic protein; igf insulin like growth factor; migf 1 local isoform of igf 1; myhc myosin heavy chain; sod1 superoxide dismutase1; wt wild type. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 156685 15657392 207618 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 among these insulin like growth factor 1 igf 1 has been implicated in anabolism of muscle and nerve tissues inducing muscle hypertrophy and promoting neuronal survival musar_amp_ograve; and rosenthal 2002 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 156686 15657392 207618 9939 5464 IGF1 insulin like growth factor insulin like growth factor 0 0.0 among these insulin like growth factor 1 igf 1 has been implicated in anabolism of muscle and nerve tissues inducing muscle hypertrophy and promoting neuronal survival musar_amp_ograve; and rosenthal 2002 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 157144 15668976 208360 1133 727 ARTN neurotrophic factor neurotrophic factor 0 0.0 moreover neuroprotective neurotrophic factors such as ciliary neurotrophic factor cntf hepatocyte growth factor hgf and glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor were upregulated. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 157381 15681814 208645 8198 4191 GCG glucagon-like peptide 1 glucagon like peptide 1 0 0.0 stimulation of the glucagon like peptide 1 receptor glp 1r in brain is associated with neurotrophic functions that additionally can protect cells against excess glutamate and other toxic insults. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 157384 15681814 208647 7568 3701 FHIT tumor suppressor protein tumor suppressor protein 0 1.0 neoplasm proteins|receptors glucagon|receptors tumor necrosis factor type ii|tumor necrosis factor decoy receptors|tumor suppressor protein p53|glucagon like peptide receptor| 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 2 UserEdit 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 157739 15691215 209300 1133 727 ARTN neurotrophic factor neurotrophic factor 0 0.0 gene transfer of vegf or glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor anti inflammatory cox 2 inhibitors and minocycline have had particularly promising results in mice. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150951 15777251 199027 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 these include head injury multiple sclerosis ms stroke and neurodegenerative diseases parkinson's disease pd alzheimer's disease ad or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis als . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150968 15782606 199052 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 [primary progressive multiple sclerosis as a differential diagnosis of als: a case report] 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150969 15782606 199057 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 er multiple plaques on the head and spinal mri a prolonged central conduction time of mep and sep a delayed p100 latency of vep and a increased igg index in the csf indicated primary progressive type multiple sclerosis. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 147250 15974901 194272 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 these include alzheimer's ad parkinson's pd and huntington's diseases amyotrophic lateral sclerosis all of the tauopathies multiple sclerosis and many other less common conditions. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 140847 16104843 184943 19134 10417 RPS27A ubiquitin ubiquitin 0 0.0 under normal oxygenation conditions hif 1 a is scarcely detectable because it is targeted for rapid destruction by an e3 ubiquitin ligase containing pvhl von hippel lindau tumour suppressor protein . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 140848 16104843 184943 18456 21148 RNF123 ubiquitin ligase ubiquitin ligase 0 0.0 under normal oxygenation conditions hif 1 a is scarcely detectable because it is targeted for rapid destruction by an e3 ubiquitin ligase containing pvhl von hippel lindau tumour suppressor protein . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 140977 16104843 185181 23910 12680 VEGFA vascular endothelial growth factor vascular endothelial growth factor 0 0.0 vascular endothelial growth factor a|receptors vascular endothelial growth factor| 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 142381 16120782 186877 4413 1984 CISH suppressor of cytokine signaling suppressor of cytokine signaling 0 0.0 interestingly mrna levels of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 and 3 genes were increased by pio whereas both the mrna and protein levels of endogenous mouse sod1 and of transgenic human sod1 remained unaffected. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 142415 16120782 186990 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 our results strongly suggest that pio mediated suppression of inflammation may offer a new therapeutic avenue in als treatment as supported by previous findings in animal models of multiple sclerosis niino et al. 2001 ; feinstein et al. 2002 ; natarajan et al. 2003 parkinson's disease breidert et al. 2002 and stroke sundararajan et al. 2005 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 131190 16179515 172942 20339 13448 SLC38A2 amino acid transporter 2 amino acid transporter 2 0 0.0 however it did upregulate 3 genes unaffected by the presence of the g93a/sod1 mutation: glial fibrillary acidic protein gfap stroma derived factor 1 sdf 1 and excitatory amino acid transporter 2 eaat2 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 131192 16179515 172945 22551 11892 TNF tumor necrosis factor tumor necrosis factor 0 0.0 baicalein treatment also downregulated tumor necrosis factor receptor tnfrp55 and upregulated noninducible nitric oxide synthase nnos and glutamine synthase gs . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 128756 16380619 169458 22551 11892 TNF tumor necrosis factor tumor necrosis factor 0 0.0 the authors compared il 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha tnf alpha levels in csf and sera from 10 hypoxemics and 10 normoxemics patients with als to those of 10 hypoxemics and 10 normoxemics neurologic controls. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 128761 16380619 169463 22551 11892 TNF tumor necrosis factor tumor necrosis factor 0 0.0 an excessive production of tumor necrosis factor alpha tnf alpha with lower csf levels of interleukin il 6 was demonstrated in a sod 1 mouse model suggesting an increase cytotoxic potential of microglia. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 128808 16380619 169505 22551 11892 TNF tumor necrosis factor tumor necrosis factor 0 0.0 csf and sera interleukin 6 levels and tumor necrosis factor alpha sera levels in patients with als according to the condition of hypoxemia or normoxemia pao 2 . *significant difference p _lt_ 0.05 between the hypoxemic and the normoxemic groups. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 128811 16380619 169507 22551 11892 TNF tumor necrosis factor tumor necrosis factor 0 0.0 csf and sera interleukin 6 levels and tumor necrosis factor alpha sera levels in neurologic controls according to the condition of hypoxemia or normoxemia pao 2 . *significant difference p _lt_ 0.05 between the hypoxemic and the normoxemic groups. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 118656 16436205 154736 551 399 ALB albumin albumin 0 0.0 cytokines were predissolved in 4% fatty acid free bovine serum albumin bsa in 0.9% saline at 100 fold working concentration. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 122441 16510725 160990 22551 11892 TNF tumor necrosis factor tumor necrosis factor 0 0.0 important mediators of inflammation such as the cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha tnf alpha and its superfamily member fibroblast associated cell surface ligand fasl have been implicated in apoptosis. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 122451 16510725 161004 22551 11892 TNF tumor necrosis factor tumor necrosis factor 0 0.0 tumor necrosis factor alpha tnf alpha is a major inflammatory cytokine that elicits a wide range of biological responses including neuronal apoptosis tewari and dixit 1996 alpha mediates its biological effects through act 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 122482 16510725 161099 14535 7873 NOS2A nitric oxide synthase nitric oxide synthase 0 0.0 fas triggers cell death in embryonic motoneurons by a pathway requiring upregulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and involving daxx apoptosis signal regulated kinase 1 and p38 as well as the fadd/caspase 8 pathway raoul et al. 2002 alpha upregulates fasl pinkoski et al. 2002 alpha immunostaining was found in th 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 122527 16510725 161206 6392 3209 EEF1B3 beta 3 beta3 0 1.0 no changes were detected in il 12p35 il 10 il 18 ifn gamma or ifn beta il 6 tgf beta3 and lt alpha or lt beta data not shown . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 2 UserEdit 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 109234 16533145 142007 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 with the discovery of mutations in one gene cu/zn superoxide dismutase as a primary cause of some forms of als model systems have been developed that have helped us begin to understand mechanisms involved in motor neuron death and enabled testing of potential new therap 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 113323 16624536 147036 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 superoxide dismutase 1|superoxide dismutase| 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 114313 16637591 148926 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 on the other hand elevations of s100b levels in blood or cerebrospinal fluid have been observed in patients with alzheimer's disease down's syndrome amyotrophic lateral sclerosis multiple sclerosis schizophrenia depression cerebral stroke and traumatic brain injury and the levels have reached micromol/l order at focal regions. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 116213 16647138 150427 14535 7873 NOS2A nitric oxide synthase nitric oxide synthase 0 0.0 in endothelial cell cultures the overexpression of epox upregulates both endothelial nitric oxide synthase enos and pi3 kinase/akt pathways. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 116243 16647138 150608 10640 14645 IPPK inositol 1 inositol 1 0 1.0 ate transcription factors and gene expression and stimulate activities of phospholipases a 2 c and d. the stimulation of these enzymes results in the generation of arachidonic acid diacylglycerol and inositol 1 4 5 trisphosphate. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 2 UserEdit 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 116245 16647138 150609 10640 14645 IPPK inositol 1 inositol 1 0 1.0 arachidonic acid is metabolized to eicosanoids diacylglycerol activates protein kinase c and inositol 1 4 5 trisphosphate mobilizes calcium from intracellular stores ishii and shimizu 2000 and izumi and shimizu 1995 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 2 UserEdit 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 116253 16647138 150635 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 excessive levels of paf are associated with neuronal injury in brain tissue and are involved in ischemic injury spinal cord injury hiv multiple sclerosis and meningitis brochet et al. 1995 and gelbard et al. 1994 table 2 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 116254 16647138 150637 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 paf activates inflammatory cells and increases vasopermeability a role it may play in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis and viral and bacterial infections brochet et al. 1995 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 116255 16647138 150638 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 administration of paf antagonists improves the neurological score of patients with multiple sclerosis. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 116350 16647138 150946 570 412 ALDH9A1 aldehyde dehydrogenase aldehyde dehydrogenase 0 0.0 it is caused by a deficiency of the microsomal fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase de laurenzi et al. 1996 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 116352 16647138 150951 570 412 ALDH9A1 aldehyde dehydrogenase aldehyde dehydrogenase 0 0.0 the deficiency of fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase is also accompanied by the accumulation of aldehyde modified lipids or fatty alcohols in sls. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 116453 16647138 151184 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 mutations in cu/zn superoxide dismutase sod1 gene have been reported to occur in familial form of als beal 1998a . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 116466 16647138 151213 17345 9449 PRNP prion protein prion protein 0 0.0 neuronal loss gliosis and accumulation of abnormal extracellular _amp_#x3b2; helix rich prion protein prp sc characterize cjd. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 116468 16647138 151214 17345 9449 PRNP prion protein prion protein 0 0.0 this abnormal protein is an isoform of a normally occurring _amp_#x3b1; helix rich prion protein prp c whose function has not been clearly elucidated brown 1999 and prusiner 2001 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 105662 16737688 136267 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 transgenic mice expressing a mutated human cu/zn superoxide dismutase sod1 gene develop a motor neuron disease similar to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis fals . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 105663 16737688 136279 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 about 15_amp_#x2013;20% of fals has been linked to inheritance in an autosomal dominant fashion of a mutant form of cu/zn superoxide dismutase sod1; rosen 1993 that normally functions in the regulation of oxidative stress. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 106051 16753239 137026 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 under such conditions glia can become chronically activated and may contribute to the neuropathology associated with a variety of neuroinflammatory disorders including multiple sclerosis ms alzheimer's disease ad parkinson's disease pd amyotrophic lateral sclerosis als and stroke. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 106070 16753239 137139 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 multiple sclerosis 3.1.1. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 106076 16753239 137206 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 recent reports demonstrate that the ppar _amp_#x3b3; agonist pioglitazone protected motor neurons improved motor performance and extended the survival of superoxide dismutase 1 g93a transgenic mice an animal model of als. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 106078 16753239 137208 4413 1984 CISH suppressor of cytokine signaling suppressor of cytokine signaling 0 0.0 finally these studies demonstrated reduced gliosis decreased nf _amp_#x3ba;b and increased suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 and 3 expression in pioglitazone treated animals kiaei et al. 2005 and sch_amp_#xfc;tz et al. 2005 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 106080 16753239 137221 11942 21210 LPAL2 apolipoprotein apolipoprotein 0 0.0 the ppar _amp_#x3b1; agonist fenofibrate reduced the susceptibility of apolipoprotein e deficient mice to stroke. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 106668 16766086 138218 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 ppar_amp_#x3b3; agonists have been shown to be efficacious in animal models of alzheimer's disease stroke multiple sclerosis parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 106670 16766086 138231 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 together these findings inspired a number of studies investigating the utility of these agents in a broad range of disease indications including alzheimer's disease ad stroke multiple sclerosis parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis als . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 106682 16766086 138377 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 multiple sclerosis 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 106683 16766086 138378 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 multiple sclerosis is a progressive autoimmune neurodegenerative disorder and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis eae is an animal model which recapitulates many aspects of the human disease. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 106684 16766086 138410 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 ite the common belief that ppar_amp_#x3b3; modulates eae by its anti inflammatory activity in t cells microglia and astrocytes it remains possible that it affects other cell types involved in eae and multiple sclerosis including neurons and oligodendrocytes. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 107912 16781706 139928 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 mutations in cu/zn superoxide dismutase sod1 are the primary cause of up to 20% of familial als cases rosen et al. 1993 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 108388 16785600 140295 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 estrogens are thought to play a role in the sex difference observed in many neurological diseases with inflammatory components including stroke alzheimer's and parkinson's diseases multiple sclerosis or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100383 16877542 128960 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 we also show that nadph oxidase derived oxidant products damage proteins such as insulin like growth factor 1 igf1 receptors which are located on motor neurons. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100384 16877542 128960 9939 5464 IGF1 insulin like growth factor insulin like growth factor 0 0.0 we also show that nadph oxidase derived oxidant products damage proteins such as insulin like growth factor 1 igf1 receptors which are located on motor neurons. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100421 16877542 129047 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 nadph oxidase impairs the insulin like growth factor 1 igf1 /akt pathway in transgenic sod1 g93a mice. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100422 16877542 129047 9939 5464 IGF1 insulin like growth factor insulin like growth factor 0 0.0 nadph oxidase impairs the insulin like growth factor 1 igf1 /akt pathway in transgenic sod1 g93a mice. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100461 16877542 129130 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 ros reactive oxygen species sod1 superoxide dismutase 1 igf1 insulin like growth factor 1 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100462 16877542 129130 9939 5464 IGF1 insulin like growth factor insulin like growth factor 0 0.0 ros reactive oxygen species sod1 superoxide dismutase 1 igf1 insulin like growth factor 1 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100464 16877542 129130 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 ros reactive oxygen species sod1 superoxide dismutase 1 igf1 insulin like growth factor 1 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100466 16877542 129133 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 insights into its neurodegenerative mechanisms followed the discovery that dominant mutations in the gene for superoxide dismutase 1 sod1 cause familial als 2 3 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100469 16877542 129140 4848 30998 CPAT1 cerebral palsy cerebral palsy 0 1.0 such bystander cytotoxicity is thought to lead to the death of developing oligodendrocytes in periventricular leukomalacia 9 one of the most important causes of cerebral palsy. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 101426 16892030 129923 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 superoxide dismutase 1|superoxide dismutase|cre recombinase|integrases| 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 93461 16983747 120731 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 neurodegeneration and neuroprotection in multiple sclerosis and other neurodegenerative diseases. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 93462 16983747 120732 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 multiple sclerosis is considered a disease of myelin destruction; parkinson's disease pd one of dopaminergic neuron depletion; als a disease of motor neuron death; and alzheimer's a disease of plaques and tangles. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 94289 17008387 122180 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 because inflammation and oxidative damage are also hallmarks of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis als we studied the effect of oral pdtc treatment on g93a superoxide dismutase 1 sod1 transgenic tg rat model of human als and observed that pdtc treatment significantly decreases the survival. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 94291 17008387 122188 10436 5991 IL1A interleukin 1 interleukin 1 0 0.0 r use in the treatment of aids reisinger et al. 1990 kappa b nf kappab that regulates the expression of several proinflammatory genes and some genes related to apoptosis schreck et al. 1992 alpha and interleukin 1 beta nurmi et al. 2004a beta signaling nurmi et al. 2006 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 94294 17008387 122221 551 399 ALB albumin albumin 0 0.0 proteasomal activity was measured in aliquots of 10 microg of protein in 50 microl volume of assay buffer 20 mm tris hcl ph 7.5 1 mm atp 2 mm mgcl 2 and 0.1% bovine serum albumin containing 100 microm n succinyl leu leu val tyr 7 amino 4 methylcoumarin . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 94300 17008387 122237 10436 5991 IL1A interleukin 1 interleukin 1 0 0.0 ranscription factor nf kappab serving as a strong antioxidant or by activating akt gsk3 beta pathway cuzzocrea et al. 2002 kappab driven genes such as cyclooxygenase 2 tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta drachman et al. 2002 beta pathway reduced mutant sod1 mediated motor neuron cell death in vitro koh et al. 2005 we found that pdtc treatment does not provide protection but instead significantly 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 94302 17008387 122237 22551 11892 TNF tumor necrosis factor tumor necrosis factor 0 0.0 y inhibiting the activation of transcription factor nf kappab serving as a strong antioxidant or by activating akt gsk3 beta pathway cuzzocrea et al. 2002 kappab driven genes such as cyclooxygenase 2 tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta drachman et al. 2002 beta pathway reduced mutant sod1 mediated motor neuron cell death in vitro koh et al. 2005 we found that pdtc treatment does not provide protection b 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 82164 17015226 105773 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 the lion's share of work has focused on als1 caused by_amp_#xa0;mutations in cu/zn superoxide dismutase sod1 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 82173 17015226 105796 20478 11117 SMN1 spinal muscular atrophy spinal muscular atrophy 0 1.0 about one fourth of affected individuals in the same families develop a late onset spinal muscular atrophy and a small proportion of patients develop symptoms of classic als. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 2 UserEdit 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 82201 17015226 105927 10545 6047 IMMT motor protein motor protein 0 0.0 these include loss of the kinesin motor protein kif1b_amp_#x3b2; as causative for cmt type 2a zhao et_amp_#xa0;al. 2001 loss of kif5a in hereditary spastic paraplegia reid et_amp_#xa0;al. 2002 and loss of kif21a in a rare disorder affecting the oc 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 82203 17015226 105939 10704 6132 ISL1 islet-1 islet 1 0 1.0 excision of the floxed mutant sod1 gene exclusively within motor neurons by action of cre recombinase expressed under control of the motor neuron specific promoter islet 1 extended survival by slowing onset and an early phase of disease progression. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 2 UserEdit 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 82212 17015226 106011 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 on the other hand muscle hypertrophy induced by agents such as insulin like growth factor 1 igf 1 or growth hormone dobrowolny et_amp_#xa0;al. 2005 kaspar et_amp_#xa0;al. 2003 and kaspar et_amp_#xa0;al. 2005 has led to significant life extensions in als transgenic mice. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 82213 17015226 106011 9939 5464 IGF1 insulin like growth factor insulin like growth factor 0 0.0 on the other hand muscle hypertrophy induced by agents such as insulin like growth factor 1 igf 1 or growth hormone dobrowolny et_amp_#xa0;al. 2005 kaspar et_amp_#xa0;al. 2003 and kaspar et_amp_#xa0;al. 2005 has led to significant life extensions in als transgenic mice. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 82215 17015226 106087 1133 727 ARTN neurotrophic factor neurotrophic factor 0 0.0 a key improvement seems to be use of dibutyryl camp as an anti myelin repulsion factor and grafting of neural stem cells expressing glial derived neurotrophic factor gdnf into the nerve. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 82218 17015226 106102 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 superoxide dismutase 1|superoxide dismutase| 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 82454 17018025 106123 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 tivated by lipopolysaccharide as well as to activated microglia cocultured with primary motoneurons. lipopolysaccharide increased nitric oxide and superoxide o 2 _amp_middot;_amp_#8722; and decreased insulin like growth factor 1 igf 1 release from microglial cultures and induced motoneuron injury in microglia motoneuron cocultures. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 82455 17018025 106123 9939 5464 IGF1 insulin like growth factor insulin like growth factor 0 0.0 tivated by lipopolysaccharide as well as to activated microglia cocultured with primary motoneurons. lipopolysaccharide increased nitric oxide and superoxide o 2 _amp_middot;_amp_#8722; and decreased insulin like growth factor 1 igf 1 release from microglial cultures and induced motoneuron injury in microglia motoneuron cocultures. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 82466 17018025 106140 22551 11892 TNF tumor necrosis factor tumor necrosis factor 0 0.0 il 4 has also been shown to reduce the production of pro inflammatory cytokines such as il 6 il 8 tumor necrosis factor alpha tnf a mip 1a and rantes in glial cultures treated with lipopolysaccharide or il 1 ledeboer et al 2000 ; ehrlich et al 1998 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 82471 17018025 106141 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 recently it has been documented that protection of il 4 was attributed to down regulation of tnf a and up regulation of insulin like growth factor 1 igf 1 from microglia butovsky et al 2005 2006 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 82472 17018025 106141 9939 5464 IGF1 insulin like growth factor insulin like growth factor 0 0.0 recently it has been documented that protection of il 4 was attributed to down regulation of tnf a and up regulation of insulin like growth factor 1 igf 1 from microglia butovsky et al 2005 2006 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 82478 17018025 106154 551 399 ALB albumin albumin 0 0.0 after centrifugation at 800 g for 15 min the sharp band on top of the histodenz cushion was collected and centrifuged through a 4% bovine serum albumin bsa cushion at 400 g for 10 min. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 82484 17018025 106175 14373 7808 NGF nerve growth factor nerve growth factor 0 0.0 as a specific marker for motoneurons p75 the low affinity nerve growth factor receptor immunocytochemistry provides a clear labeling of the motoneurons over microglia layer and simplifies identification and counting under brightfield microscope. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 82485 17018025 106175 14374 7809 NGFR nerve growth factor receptor nerve growth factor receptor 0 0.0 as a specific marker for motoneurons p75 the low affinity nerve growth factor receptor immunocytochemistry provides a clear labeling of the motoneurons over microglia layer and simplifies identification and counting under brightfield microscope. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 82561 17018025 106319 22058 11765 TGFA transforming growth factor transforming growth factor 0 0.0 besides il 4 il 10 and transforming growth factor beta tgf b are two other major anti inflammatory cytokines. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 83595 17034351 107856 22551 11892 TNF tumor necrosis factor tumor necrosis factor 0 0.0 egulation of proinflammatory genes including arachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes [e.g. cyclooxygenase ii cox ii and 5 lipoxygenase 5lox ]; nitric oxide synthase nos isoforms; cytokines particularly tumor necrosis factor alpha tnf alpha ; chemokines; and immunoglobulin fc receptors fcgammars . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 76083 17214440 97706 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 in most cases the cause of als is unknown although in a number of familial als cases mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 sod1 gene were discovered. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 69242 17350694 88332 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 alzheimer's disease ad parkinson's disease pd and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis als are among the best examples of neurodegenerative disorders associated with intense inflammation whereas multiple sclerosis ms and hiv associated dementia are inflammatory disorders that lead to diffuse neuronal damage see glossary . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 69243 17350694 88375 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 multiple sclerosis 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 69253 17350694 88427 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 multiple sclerosis 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60886 17418957 76946 22551 11892 TNF tumor necrosis factor tumor necrosis factor 0 0.0 motor neuron mn mitochondrial abnormalities and elevation in spinal fluid levels of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha tnf _amp_#x3b1; have been implicated in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis als . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60888 17418957 76960 22551 11892 TNF tumor necrosis factor tumor necrosis factor 0 0.0 serum levels of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha tnf _amp_#x3b1; and its soluble receptors have been reported to be elevated in als patients as compared with healthy controls poloni et al 2000 and strong 2003 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60892 17418957 76983 551 399 ALB albumin albumin 0 0.0 triton x 100 0.1% bovine serum albumin 1% and normal goat serum 1% were used to permeate the cells and limit non specific binding. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60897 17418957 77109 22551 11892 TNF tumor necrosis factor tumor necrosis factor 0 0.0 tumor necrosis factor alpha| 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 54654 17497670 67901 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 ative stress neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity are frequently considered distinct but common hallmarks of several neurological disorders including parkinson's disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis multiple sclerosis and alzheimer's disease. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 57389 17555556 72111 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 following activation with lipopolysaccharide msod1 g93a microglia released more nitric oxide more superoxide and less insulin like growth factor 1 than wild type microglia. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 57390 17555556 72111 9939 5464 IGF1 insulin like growth factor insulin like growth factor 0 0.0 following activation with lipopolysaccharide msod1 g93a microglia released more nitric oxide more superoxide and less insulin like growth factor 1 than wild type microglia. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 57394 17555556 72133 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 our results demonstrate that msod1 g93a mouse microglia release more nitric oxide more superoxide and less insulin like growth factor 1 igf 1 than wild type microglia. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 57395 17555556 72133 9939 5464 IGF1 insulin like growth factor insulin like growth factor 0 0.0 our results demonstrate that msod1 g93a mouse microglia release more nitric oxide more superoxide and less insulin like growth factor 1 igf 1 than wild type microglia. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 57397 17555556 72152 551 399 ALB albumin albumin 0 0.0 the cells were collected and centrifuged through a 4% bovine serum albumin cushion at 450 g for 10 min. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 57401 17555556 72196 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 elisa for igf 1 insulin like growth factor 1 elisa duoset kit r _amp_ d systems minneapolis mn usa was used to determine the concentrations of igf 1 in cell culture supernatants. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 57402 17555556 72196 9939 5464 IGF1 insulin like growth factor insulin like growth factor 0 0.0 elisa for igf 1 insulin like growth factor 1 elisa duoset kit r _amp_ d systems minneapolis mn usa was used to determine the concentrations of igf 1 in cell culture supernatants. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 57405 17555556 72219 10601 6081 INS insulin insulin 0 0.0 insulin like growth factor 1 is a potent motoneuron trophic and survival factor. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 57406 17555556 72219 9939 5464 IGF1 insulin like growth factor insulin like growth factor 0 0.0 insulin like growth factor 1 is a potent motoneuron trophic and survival factor. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 57411 17555556 72272 14535 7873 NOS2A nitric oxide synthase nitric oxide synthase 0 0.0 although two earlier reports demonstrated that gene deletion of inos or neuronal nitric oxide synthase nnos does not alter motoneuron disease in double transgenic inos _amp_#8722;/_amp_#8722; /msod1 g93a or nnos _amp_#8722;/_amp_#8722; /msod1 g93a mice facchinetti et al 1999 ; son et al 2001 a recent 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 58501 17569578 73494 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 activation of all ppar isoforms but especially of ppar_amp_#x3b3; has been found to be protective in murine in vitro and in vivo models of multiple sclerosis. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 58502 17569578 73495 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 the verification of these findings in human cells prompted the initiation of clinical studies evaluating ppar_amp_#x3b3; activation in multiple sclerosis patients. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 58506 17569578 73593 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 multiple sclerosis and experimental allergic encephalitis 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 58507 17569578 73594 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 multiple sclerosis ms is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the cns that affects most commonly young adults and is characterized pathologically by multiple areas of white matter inflammation demyelination and glial scarr 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 58508 17569578 73596 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 several cytokines including tumor necrosis factor _amp_#x3b1;_amp_#xa0; tnf_amp_#x3b1; interferon _amp_#x3b3;_amp_#xa0; ifn_amp_#x3b3; and interleukin 6 il 6 are regularly found in multiple sclerosis brain lesions and in spinal cord infiltrates of eae mice [124] . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 58521 17569578 73637 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 human multiple sclerosis 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 58536 17569578 73758 4413 1984 CISH suppressor of cytokine signaling suppressor of cytokine signaling 0 0.0 interestingly mrna levels of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 and 3 genes were increased by pioglitazone whereas both the mrna and protein levels of endogenous mouse sod1 and of transgenic human sod1 remained unaffected [154] . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 58942 17574754 74309 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 in humans increased cox 2 and prostaglandin production have been observed in ad als multiple sclerosis and pd [1] [10] [22] and [24] . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 59274 17582695 74871 348 21285 ADCY10 adenylate cyclase adenylate cyclase 0 0.0 autoimmune dysfunction of endogenous vasoactive neuropeptides vns such as vasoactive intestinal peptide vip and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide pacap has been postulated as a cause for some fatigue related conditions. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 59278 17582695 74873 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 complex clinical signs occur in multiple sclerosis ms and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis als . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 59280 17582695 74884 348 21285 ADCY10 adenylate cyclase adenylate cyclase 0 0.0 autoimmune dysfunction of endogenous vasoactive neuropeptides vns such as vasoactive intestinal peptide vip and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide pacap has been postulated as a cause for some fatigue related conditions. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 59284 17582695 74892 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 complex clinical signs occur in multiple sclerosis ms and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis als . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 59298 17582695 74963 1133 727 ARTN neurotrophic factor neurotrophic factor 0 0.0 therapies aimed at haematopoietic stem cells may involve glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor gdnf around host motor neurons produced by grafted cells [68] . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 59300 17582695 74970 348 21285 ADCY10 adenylate cyclase adenylate cyclase 0 0.0 adcyap1 protein human|neuropeptides|pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide|receptors g protein coupled|vasoactive intestinal peptide| 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 47078 17597167 59407 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 bi and stroke and for chronic disorders such as alzheimer's disease ad epilepsy amyotrophic lateral sclerosis als and parkinson's disease as well as diseases with autoimmune characteristics including multiple sclerosis ms myasthenia gravis mg and guillain barr_amp_#xe9; syndrome. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51662 17678953 64374 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 d in a final common pathway contributing to neuronal injury and death in a wide range of acute and chronic neurological disorders ranging from parkinson's disease pd amyotrophic lateral sclerosis als multiple sclerosis and alzheimer's disease ad to stroke and trauma. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51664 17678953 64378 23469 20652 TXNDC15 disulfide isomerase disulfide isomerase 0 0.0 one such molecule affected is protein disulfide isomerase pdi an enzyme responsible for normal protein folding in the endoplasmic greticulum er . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51665 17678953 64382 19134 10417 RPS27A ubiquitin ubiquitin 0 0.0 another molecule whose s nitrosylation can lead to abnormal protein accumulation is the e3 ubiquitin ligase parkin which contributes to the pathogenesis of pd. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 51666 17678953 64382 18456 21148 RNF123 ubiquitin ligase ubiquitin ligase 0 0.0 another molecule whose s nitrosylation can lead to abnormal protein accumulation is the e3 ubiquitin ligase parkin which contributes to the pathogenesis of pd. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 44036 17853944 55223 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis als is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that can be caused by dominant mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 sod1 1 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 44045 17853944 55444 14554 14874 NOX5 nadph oxidase nadph oxidase 0 0.0 membrane glycoproteins|superoxide dismutase 1|superoxide dismutase|nadh nadph oxidoreductases|cybb protein mouse|nadph oxidase|nadph oxidase 1| 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 46167 17908040 58283 22551 11892 TNF tumor necrosis factor tumor necrosis factor 0 0.0 one strong candidate trigger protein and thus a potential target for therapeutic manipulation is the potent pro inflammatory / pro apoptotic cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha tnf alpha . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27790 17997855 32973 551 399 ALB albumin albumin 0 0.0 bathing solutions were either rpmi 1640 or in mm nacl 140 kcl 2 cacl 2 2.5 mgcl 2 1 hepes 10 glucose 40 and bovine serum albumin 0.05% at ph 7.3. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29863 18040778 35370 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 at both serve important defense functions against invading neurotropic pathogens and have been implicated in brain damage in infectious as well as neuroinflammatory/neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis alzheimer's disease parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29872 18040778 35462 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 ailable such as imaging with [11c]pk 11195 a ligand for peripheral benzodiazepine receptors their presence has been demonstrated in a variety of neuroinflammatory/neurodegenerative diseases including multiple sclerosis ms chen et al. 2004 alzheimer's disease ad cagnin et al. 2001 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis als turner et al. 2004 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29873 18040778 35471 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 lipopolysaccharide lps tumor necrosis factor tnf a reactive oxygen intermediates roi reactive nitrogen intermediates rni quinolinic acid qa multiple sclerosis ms alzheimer's disease ad parkinson's disease pd amyotrophic lateral sclerosis als . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32207 18077562 39882 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 er perspective and indicates a more active role of neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of progressive neurodegenerative disorders such as ad parkinson's disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25075 18246426 29676 22551 11892 TNF tumor necrosis factor tumor necrosis factor 0 0.0 we evaluated tumor necrosis factor alpha tnf a interferon g ifn g and nitric oxide no levels in the serum of 22 als patients and 20 controls. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25081 18246426 29720 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 since there were several reports that neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis alzheimer_amp_#8217;s disease parkinson_amp_#8217;s disease guillian barre syndrome japanese encephalitis tuberculous meningitis epilepsy stroke migraine and others were having an inflammatory compon 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15961 18312546 18852 12355 6872 MAPK10 map kinase map kinase 0 0.0 effects of the ppargamma activator pioglitazone on p38 map kinase and ikappabalpha in the spinal cord of a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15965 18312546 18854 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 ulation of neurons astrocytes and microglia in the ventral horns of spinal cord lumbar segments from the pioglitazone treated and non treated groups of mice carrying a transgene for g93a mutant human superoxide dismutase 1 sod1 als mice and non transgenic littermates control mice performed immunohistochemical and immunoblot analyses of ppargamma active form of phosphorylated p38 mitogen activated protein kinase p p38 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19010 18370853 22359 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 the etiology of als remains unknown but one fifth of instances are due to specific gene defects the best characterized of which is point mutations in the gene coding for cu/zn superoxide dismutase sod1 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19154 18375019 22638 22551 11892 TNF tumor necrosis factor tumor necrosis factor 0 0.0 other powerful inflammatory stimulants such as lipopolysaccharide 0.5mug/ml tumor necrosis factor alpha 10ng/ml and interleukin 1beta 10ng/ml alone or in combination were without effect. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19156 18375019 22644 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 inally using human postmortem material we showed sharp upregulation of the ifngr on activated astrocytes in affected areas in alzheimer's disease parkinson's disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19229 18384649 22738 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 rt neuroprotective activity against oxidative damage inflammation and apoptosis in several neurodegenerative disorders including alzheimer's parkinson's huntington's amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9666 18414597 11018 11942 21210 LPAL2 apolipoprotein apolipoprotein 0 0.0 apolipoprotein e is the principal cholesterol carrier protein in the brain and the gene encoding the variant apolipoprotein e4 is a significant risk factor for alzheimer's disease. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9669 18414597 11021 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating condition of the cns. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9763 18422522 11246 14535 7873 NOS2A nitric oxide synthase nitric oxide synthase 0 0.0 endothelial nitric oxide synthase overexpression by neuronal cells in neurodegeneration: a link between inflammation and neuroprotection. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9765 18422522 11247 14535 7873 NOS2A nitric oxide synthase nitric oxide synthase 0 0.0 the roles of neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthases in neurones have been extensively investigated; by contrast the biological significance of endothelial nitric oxide synthase enos overexpression that occurs in several pathological conditions has not yet been studied. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11145 18436268 12693 22551 11892 TNF tumor necrosis factor tumor necrosis factor 0 0.0 t fa or fa + b12 treatment significantly attenuated the plasma hcy level suppressed the activation of microglia and astrocytes and inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase inos and tumor necrosis factor alpha tnf _amp_#x3b1; in spinal cord. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11151 18436268 12701 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 around 10% cases of als patients are autosomal dominant referred as fals and 20% patients with fals have missense mutations in the gene encoding for cu/zn superoxide dismutase sod1 al chalabi and leigh 2000 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12218 18464922 14278 4413 1984 CISH suppressor of cytokine signaling suppressor of cytokine signaling 0 0.0 further evidence in the modulation of proinflammatory markers by pioglitazone were reported by sch_amp_#x000fc;tz et al. which suggests that mrna levels of two cytokine suppressor genes suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 and 3 socs 1 and 3 were increased as assessed by semiquantitative rt pcr [ 39 ]. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12222 18464922 14282 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 recently xu and drew demonstrated that ppar _amp_#x003b3; agonists suppress cytokines like il 12 family in eae an experimental model of multiple sclerosis when treated with 15 d pgj 2 and rosiglitazone [ 35 ]. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12490 18464925 14399 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 s and few nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs have shown anti inflammatory and protective effects in several experimental models of alzheimer's and parkinson's diseases amyotrophic lateral sclerosis multiple sclerosis and stroke as well as in few clinical studies. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12492 18464925 14416 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 _#x003b3; could be targeted to control inflammation and treat invalidating diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and optic neuritis a demyelinating disease of the optic nerve frequently associated to multiple sclerosis ms see for review [ 26 ] . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12494 18464925 14434 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 janus activated kinases lbd= ligand binding domain lps= lipopolysaccharide mapk= mitogen activated protein kinase mcp 1= monocyte chemoattractrant protein 1 mhc= major histocompatibility complex ms= multiple sclerosis nf _amp_#x003ba; b= nuclear factor _amp_#x003ba; b no= nitric oxide nsaids= nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs oxldl= oxidized low density lipoprotein pd= parkinson disease ppar= peroxisome prolife 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12510 18464925 14523 12355 6872 MAPK10 map kinase map kinase 0 0.0 similarly lennon and colleagues [ 61 ] showed that ciglitazone and 15d pgj 2 activated the map kinase cascades erk jnk and p38 map kinase in astrocytes by a ppar _amp_#x003b3; independent mechanism which required the presence of ros. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12514 18464925 14527 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 since these cytokines play critical roles in the differentiation of t helper th 1 and th17 cells and are likely to contribute to the development of multiple sclerosis this observation further support the potential role of ppar _amp_#x003b3; agonists in ms treatment [ 5 64 ]. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12532 18464925 14581 11942 21210 LPAL2 apolipoprotein apolipoprotein 0 0.0 in a second recent trial the improvement in cognition after 6 months of rosiglitazone treatment was significant only in ad patients who did not have the _amp_#x003b5; 4 allele of the apolipoprotein e [ 92 ] a genotype associate with a higher risk to develop ad. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2678 18513389 3484 11942 21210 LPAL2 apolipoprotein apolipoprotein 0 0.0 this latter approach allowed the identification of seven genetic variants essential to differentiate cases from controls: apolipoprotein e arg158cys; hepatic lipase 480 c/t; endothelial nitric oxide synthase 690 c/t and glu298asp; vitamin k dependent coagulation factor seven arg353glu glycoprotein ia/iia 873 g/a and e selectin ser128a 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2681 18513389 3484 14535 7873 NOS2A nitric oxide synthase nitric oxide synthase 0 0.0 this latter approach allowed the identification of seven genetic variants essential to differentiate cases from controls: apolipoprotein e arg158cys; hepatic lipase 480 c/t; endothelial nitric oxide synthase 690 c/t and glu298asp; vitamin k dependent coagulation factor seven arg353glu glycoprotein ia/iia 873 g/a and e selectin ser128arg. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2682 18513389 3490 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 the gene coding for copper/zinc superoxide dismutase 1 sod1 appears to be mutated in 10_amp_#x02013;20% in the familial form [ 1 ]. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2684 18513389 3496 1133 727 ARTN neurotrophic factor neurotrophic factor 0 0.0 among the genetic factors that may predispose to sporadic als neurofilaments apolipoprotein epsilon 4 genotype excitotoxicity genes ciliary neurotrophic factor ctnf cytochrome p450 debrisoquine hydroxylase cyp2d6 apurinic apyrimidinic endonuclease apex mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase sod2 monoamine oxidase allele b and paraoxonases have been re 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2686 18513389 3496 11942 21210 LPAL2 apolipoprotein apolipoprotein 0 1.0 among the genetic factors that may predispose to sporadic als neurofilaments apolipoprotein epsilon 4 genotype excitotoxicity genes ciliary neurotrophic factor ctnf cytochrome p450 debrisoquine hydroxylase cyp2d6 apurinic apyrimidinic endonuclease apex mitochondrial manganese superoxide dis 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 2 UserEdit 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 2689 18513389 3496 20996 11179 SOD1 superoxide dismutase superoxide dismutase 0 0.0 apolipoprotein epsilon 4 genotype excitotoxicity genes ciliary neurotrophic factor ctnf cytochrome p450 debrisoquine hydroxylase cyp2d6 apurinic apyrimidinic endonuclease apex mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase sod2 monoamine oxidase allele b and paraoxonases have been reported in different studies partly with contradictory results [ 2 4 7 9 ]. 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2692 18513389 3649 11942 21210 LPAL2 apolipoprotein apolipoprotein 0 0.0 genetic variants selected by the five twist procedures seven genetic variants were always independently selected by the five twist procedures: apolipoprotein e apoe chromosome 19q13.2 arg158cys; hepatic lipase lipc chromosome 15q21 23 480 c/t; endothelial nitric oxide synthase nos3 chromosome 7q36 690 c/t and glu298asp; vitamin k dependent coagulation fac 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2695 18513389 3649 14535 7873 NOS2A nitric oxide synthase nitric oxide synthase 0 0.0 even genetic variants were always independently selected by the five twist procedures: apolipoprotein e apoe chromosome 19q13.2 arg158cys; hepatic lipase lipc chromosome 15q21 23 480 c/t; endothelial nitric oxide synthase nos3 chromosome 7q36 690 c/t and glu298asp; vitamin k dependent coagulation factor seven f7 chromosome 13q34 arg353glu glycoprotein ia/iia itga2 chromosome 5q23 q31 873 g/a; e selectin sele chromosom 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2702 18513389 3652 22551 11892 TNF tumor necrosis factor tumor necrosis factor 0 0.0 some proliferator activated receptor gamma pparg pro12ala chromosome 3p25 lipoprotein lipase lpl asp9asn chromosome 8p22 paraoxonase 1 pon1 met55leu and paraoxonase 2 pon2 ser311cys chromosome 7q21.3 tumor necrosis factor beta tnf beta thr26 asn chrom 6p21.3 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mthfr 677 c/t chrom 1p36.3 angiotensin ii receptor type1 agtr1 1166 a/c chromosome 3q21 25 atrial natriuretic peptide nppa 664 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2703 18513389 3652 22551 11892 TNF tumor necrosis factor tumor necrosis factor 0 0.0 receptor type1 agtr1 1166 a/c chromosome 3q21 25 atrial natriuretic peptide nppa 664 g/a chrom 1p36 21 epithelial na channel subunit scnn1a trp493arg chromosome 12p13 fvii 232 ins/del sele leu554phe tumor necrosis factor alpha tnfalpha 376 g/a and 308 g/a chromosome 6p21.3 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2708 18513389 3652 452 333 AGT angiotensin ii angiotensin ii 0 0.0 araoxonase 1 pon1 met55leu and paraoxonase 2 pon2 ser311cys chromosome 7q21.3 tumor necrosis factor beta tnf beta thr26 asn chrom 6p21.3 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mthfr 677 c/t chrom 1p36.3 angiotensin ii receptor type1 agtr1 1166 a/c chromosome 3q21 25 atrial natriuretic peptide nppa 664 g/a chrom 1p36 21 epithelial na channel subunit scnn1a trp493arg chromosome 12p13 fvii 232 ins/del sele leu554phe 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2712 18513389 3655 11942 21210 LPAL2 apolipoprotein apolipoprotein 0 1.0 genetic variants never selected by any twist procedures the following gene/genetic variants were never selected by the five twist procedures: apolipoprotein a4 apoa4 chromosome 11q23 thr347ser; apolipoprotein c3 apoc3 chromosome 11q23.1 q23.2 641 c/a and 482 c/t; beta 3 adrenergic receptor adrb3 trp64arg 8p12 p11.2 ; lpl ser447term; pon1 gln192arg; low density lipoprotein receptor ldlr chromosome 19p13.3 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 2 UserEdit 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 5146 18539342 5527 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 in multiple sclerosis ms brains cps show immunohistochemistry to hla dr cd3 cd20 cd68 vcam 1 cd138 t lymphocytes in vessels and stroma vcam 1 expression on endothelia intense hla dr immunostaining on cells in cp stroma am 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5147 18539342 5534 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 recent studies have contributed to characterize the involvement of cns structures outside the brain parenchyma such as the leptomeninges and the cerebrospinal fluid csf in the pathogenetic process of multiple sclerosis ms and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis eae kutzelnigg et al. 2005 ; pedemonte et al. 2006 ; magliozzi et al. 2007 . 7 JUMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2050 18751914 3068 11942 21210 LPAL2 apolipoprotein apolipoprotein 0 0.0 apolipoprotein e is the principal cholesterol carrier protein in the brain and the gene encoding the variant apolipoprotein e4 is a significant risk factor for alzheimer's disease. 7 SciMiner_v2.2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2053 18751914 3064 13667 7314 MS multiple sclerosis multiple sclerosis 0 1.0 multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating condition of the cns. 7 SciMiner_v2.2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0