)| PMID |
10077670 ( ) |
|---|---|
| Title | The role of immunophilins in mutant superoxide dismutase-1linked familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. |
| Abstract | It has been reported that expression of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS)-associated mutant Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD) induces apoptosis of neuronal cells in culture associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species. SOD recently has been shown to prevent calcineurin inactivation, initiating the present investigations examining the role of calcineurin in mutant SOD-induced cell death. Wild-type or mutant SOD was expressed in neuronal cells by infection with replication-deficient adenoviruses. PC12 cells overexpressing human wild-type SOD exhibited higher calcineurin activity than cells expressing FALS-related mutant SOD (SODV148G); however, cells expressing SODV148G had calcineurin activity equal to mock-infected cells, suggesting that cell death induced by mutant SOD was not related to a decrease in calcineurin activity. Calcineurin antagonists such as cyclosporin A and FK506, as well as nonimmunosuppressant analogs of cyclosporin A, significantly enhanced SODV148G- and SODA4V-induced cell death. Because both groups of drugs inhibit the rotamase activity of cyclophilins (CyP), but only the immunosuppressant analogs inhibit calcineurin activity, these data suggest that rotamase inhibition underlies the enhanced cell death after SODV148G expression. The importance of rotamase activity in mutant SOD-mediated apoptosis was supported by experiments showing that overexpressed wild-type cyclophilin A (CyPA), but not CyPA with a rotamase active site point mutation, protected cells from death after SODV148G expression. These data suggest that mutant SOD produces a greater need for rotamase and, also, highlights possible new therapeutic strategies in FALS. Street, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. America |
NOTE: Color highlight is limited to the abstract and SciMiner text-mining mode. If you see much more identified targets below from "Targets by SciMiner Summary" and "Targets by SciMiner Full list", they may have been identified from the full text.
Targets by SciMiner Summary
| HUGO ID | Symbol | Target Name | #Occur | ActualStr |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | 96 | superoxide dismutase 1 | SOD-expression | SOD-mediated | SOD-induced | |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | 43 | rotamase | |
| 9253 | PPIA | peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A) | 24 | CyPA | |
| 7808 | NGF | nerve growth factor (beta polypeptide) | 19 | nerve growth factor | NGF-withdrawal | NGF-removal | NGF-differentiated | |
| 1706 | CD8A | CD8a molecule | 4 | CD8 | |
| 9380 | PRKACA | protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, alpha | 1 | protein kinase a catalytic subunit | |
| 437 | ALPI | alkaline phosphatase, intestinal | 1 | alkaline phosphatase | |
| 9388 | PRKAR1A | protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type I, alpha (tissue specific extinguisher 1) | 1 | camp dependent protein kinase | |
| 8988 | PIN1 | peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1 | 1 | prolyl isomerase | |
Targets by SciMiner Full list
| HUGO ID | Symbol | Name | ActualStr | Score | FlankingText |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | (FALS)-associated FALS -associated mutant Cu/Zn Cu Zn superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD) SOD induces apoptosis of neuronal cells in culture associated with an |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | SOD recently has been shown to prevent calcineurin inactivation initiating the |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD-induced | 2.4 | the present investigations examining the role of calcineurin in mutant SOD-induced cell death |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | Wild-type or mutant SOD was expressed in neuronal cells by infection with replication-deficient adenoviruses |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | PC12 cells overexpressing human wild-type SOD exhibited higher calcineurin activity than cells expressing FALS-related mutant SOD |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | SOD exhibited higher calcineurin activity than cells expressing FALS-related mutant SOD (SODV148G); SODV148G however cells expressing SODV148G had calcineurin activity equal |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | to mock-infected cells suggesting that cell death induced by mutant SOD was not related to a decrease in calcineurin activity |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD-mediated | 2.4 | The importance of rotamase activity in mutant SOD-mediated apoptosis was supported by experiments showing that overexpressed wild-type cyclophilin |
| 9253 | PPIA | peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A) | CyPA | 1.3 | supported by experiments showing that overexpressed wild-type cyclophilin A (CyPA), CyPA but not CyPA with a rotamase active site point mutation |
| 9253 | PPIA | peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A) | CyPA | 1.3 | showing that overexpressed wild-type cyclophilin A (CyPA), CyPA but not CyPA with a rotamase active site point mutation protected cells from |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | These data suggest that mutant SOD produces a greater need for rotamase and also highlights possible |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | preparation of adenoviruses (AdVs) AdVs expressing wild type or mutant SOD have been described previously ( 12 |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | Expression of SOD and calcineurin A was analyzed by Western blot analysis as |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | A previously described method was followed for immunohistochemical detection of SOD ( 12 |
| 9253 | PPIA | peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A) | CyPA | 1.3 | CyPA (histidine-tagged) histidine-tagged ( 17 expression was detected by immunostaining with |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | The effect of wild-type (WT) WT or FALS-linked mutant SOD gene expression on viability of cells was determined as reported |
| 9253 | PPIA | peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A) | CyPA | 1.3 | For some experiments involving CyPA we used a wild-type CyPA (CyPAWT) CyPAWT cDNA or isomerase-deficient |
| 9253 | PPIA | peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A) | CyPA | 1.3 | For some experiments involving CyPA we used a wild-type CyPA (CyPAWT) CyPAWT cDNA or isomerase-deficient mutant CyPA(R55A) CyPA R55A cDNA |
| 9253 | PPIA | peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A) | CyPA | 1.3 | a wild-type CyPA (CyPAWT) CyPAWT cDNA or isomerase-deficient mutant CyPA(R55A) CyPA R55A cDNA isolated from rat brain and cloned into pcDNA1/AMP |
| 9253 | PPIA | peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A) | CyPA | 1.3 | PC12 cells were transfected with either CyPAWT cDNA or CyPA(R55A) CyPA R55A cDNA by using polyethylenimine as described ( 18 19 |
| 1706 | CD8A | CD8a molecule | CD8 | 0.0 | a control for these experiments some cells were transfected with CD8 cDNA (a a gift from Jeff Bluestone University of Chicago |
| 7808 | NGF | nerve growth factor (beta polypeptide) | NGF | 1.2 | phosphatase activity in cells expressing SODV148G or SODWT or after NGF withdrawal was normalized to activity of mock-infected cells |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | SOD Activity Assay |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | SOD activity was determined in triplicate by using a colorimetric assay |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | Overexpression of WT- and FALS-Associated Mutant SOD with Replication-Deficient Adenoviruses |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | SOD expression in PC12 cells was determined by Western blot analysis |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | Endogenous rodent SOD was present in both the mock-infected (Fig Fig 1 A |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | of slower electrophoretic mobility consistent with that expected for human SOD was present in extracts from cells infected with AdSODWT AdSODV148G |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | The human SOD level in cells expressing SODWT SODV148G and SODA4V was similar |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | cells expressing SODWT SODV148G and SODA4V was similar to endogenous SOD seen in mock cells (Fig Fig 1 A |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | Effect of Overexpression of Mutant SOD on Neural Cell Viability |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | We determined the effect of expression of WT and mutant SOD on differentiated PC12 cells a model system for postmitotic neurons |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | that the cells that died were the ones expressing mutant SOD and that these cells died by apoptosis ( 12 |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | Effect of Overexpression of Mutant SOD on Calcineurin Activity |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | We examined the effects of WT and mutant SOD overexpression on calcineurin activity in differentiated PC12 cells |
| 7808 | NGF | nerve growth factor (beta polypeptide) | NGF-removal | 1.2 | was no decline in calcineurin activity of PC12 cells after NGF-removal a procedure that also leads to apoptotic cell death (Fig |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | We next tested whether the effects of SOD overexpression on calcineurin activity were related to a change in |
| 7808 | NGF | nerve growth factor (beta polypeptide) | NGF | 1.2 | after mock infection (Fig Fig 2 C lane 1 after NGF removal (Fig Fig 2 C lane 2 or 72 hr |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | CsA and CsA Analogs on Cell Death Induced by Mutant SOD Expression or NGF Withdrawal |
| 7808 | NGF | nerve growth factor (beta polypeptide) | NGF | 1.2 | Analogs on Cell Death Induced by Mutant SOD Expression or NGF Withdrawal |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | To assess the relationship between SOD expression calcineurin activity and cell death cells were treated with |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD-induced | 2.4 | As previously noted these results indicate that mutant SOD-induced cell death is not related to calcineurin inhibition |
| 7808 | NGF | nerve growth factor (beta polypeptide) | NGF | 1.2 | 811 and PSC 833 protected PC12 cells from death after NGF withdrawal (Fig Fig 3 B |
| 7808 | NGF | nerve growth factor (beta polypeptide) | NGF | 1.2 | dansylated CsA had relatively little effect on cell death after NGF withdrawal (Fig Fig 3 B |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD-induced | 2.4 | Both CsA and PKF 211_amp_#x02013 811 significantly enhanced the mutant SOD-induced death of hippocampal neurons (Fig Fig 4 A |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | studies suggested that CsA and its immunosuppressive analogs might enhance SOD mutant-induced cell death through its interference with rotamase activity |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | Table 1 shows that the baseline SOD activity was similar in mock SODWT- and SODV148G-expressing cells CsA |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | mock SODWT- and SODV148G-expressing cells CsA caused a decrease in SOD activity that was significantly (albeit albeit slightly more in SODWT-expressing |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | the mutant SOD-expressing cells had a slightly greater decrease in SOD activity than SODWT-expressing cells |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | Our interpretation of these studies is that human SOD/rodent SOD rodent SOD heterodimers that are formed in the transiently expressing |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | interpretation of these studies is that human SOD/rodent SOD rodent SOD heterodimers that are formed in the transiently expressing cells may |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | In addition the mutant human SOD/rodent SOD rodent SOD heterodimers may be more sensitive to changes in |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | In addition the mutant human SOD/rodent SOD rodent SOD heterodimers may be more sensitive to changes in conformation than |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | sensitive to changes in conformation than the WT human SOD/rodent SOD rodent SOD heterodimers |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | changes in conformation than the WT human SOD/rodent SOD rodent SOD heterodimers |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | Effect of Overexpression of Cyclophilin A in SOD Mutant-Induced Cell Death |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD-induced | 2.4 | further examine the role of cyclophilin rotamase activity on mutant SOD-induced cell death we transfected NGF-differentiated PC12 cells with wild-type CyPA |
| 7808 | NGF | nerve growth factor (beta polypeptide) | NGF-differentiated | 1.2 | cyclophilin rotamase activity on mutant SOD-induced cell death we transfected NGF-differentiated PC12 cells with wild-type CyPA (CyPAWT) CyPAWT cDNA or CyPA(R55A) |
| 9253 | PPIA | peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A) | CyPA | 1.3 | SOD-induced cell death we transfected NGF-differentiated PC12 cells with wild-type CyPA (CyPAWT) CyPAWT cDNA or CyPA(R55A) CyPA R55A cDNA that contains |
| 9253 | PPIA | peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A) | CyPA | 1.3 | PC12 cells with wild-type CyPA (CyPAWT) CyPAWT cDNA or CyPA(R55A) CyPA R55A cDNA that contains a point mutation in the putative |
| 9253 | PPIA | peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A) | CyPA | 1.3 | CyPA immunohistochemical staining showed transfection efficiencies of 68 _amp_#x000b1 2_amp_#x00025 ( |
| 9253 | PPIA | peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A) | CyPA | 1.3 | cells that overexpressed CyPAWT but not PC12 cells overexpressing CyPA(R55A), CyPA R55A exhibited reduced cell death after SODV148G expression (Fig Fig |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD-expression | 2.4 | CyPAWT produced _amp_#x0003e 50_amp_#x00025 protection from cell death after mutant SOD-expression compared with that seen with transfection of a control cDNA |
| 9253 | PPIA | peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A) | CyPA | 1.3 | transfection of a control cDNA (CD8); CD8 transfection of CyPA(R55A) CyPA R55A was not protective |
| 1706 | CD8A | CD8a molecule | CD8 | 0.0 | with that seen with transfection of a control cDNA (CD8); CD8 transfection of CyPA(R55A) CyPA R55A was not protective |
| 9253 | PPIA | peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A) | CyPA | 1.3 | These results suggest that the rotamase function of CyPA protects cells from death induced by SODV148G |
| 9253 | PPIA | peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A) | CyPA | 1.3 | In contrast overexpression of CyPAWT or CyPA(R55A) CyPA R55A in cells infected with AdSODWT or in mock-infected cells |
| 9253 | PPIA | peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A) | CyPA | 1.3 | Furthermore overexpression of either CyPAWT or CyPA(R55A) CyPA R55A did not significantly protect cells from death induced by |
| 7808 | NGF | nerve growth factor (beta polypeptide) | NGF | 1.2 | R55A did not significantly protect cells from death induced by NGF withdrawal (Fig Fig 5 B indicating that the apoptotic pathway |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | 5 B indicating that the apoptotic pathway induced by mutant SOD differs from that after growth factor removal |
| 9253 | PPIA | peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A) | CyPA | 1.3 | To further investigate these issues we tested whether CyPA rescue of mutant SOD-induced cell death would be decreased with |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD-induced | 2.4 | investigate these issues we tested whether CyPA rescue of mutant SOD-induced cell death would be decreased with CsA treatment |
| 9253 | PPIA | peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A) | CyPA | 1.3 | Table 2 shows that overexpression of CyPA (but but not CD8 _amp_#x0201c control_amp_#x0201d overexpression significantly reduced SODV148G-induced |
| 9253 | PPIA | peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A) | CyPA | 1.3 | cell death (from from 49.1 to 21.9_amp_#x00025 and that the CyPA rescue was decreased by CsA (changing changing cell death from |
| 1706 | CD8A | CD8a molecule | CD8 | 0.0 | Table 2 shows that overexpression of CyPA (but but not CD8 _amp_#x0201c control_amp_#x0201d overexpression significantly reduced SODV148G-induced cell death (from from |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | FALS-associated mutant SOD is believed to kill neurons through a gain of adverse |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | We recently demonstrated that overexpression of mutant SOD leads to altered superoxide content and induces the death of |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | ( 16 that WT SOD prevents calcineurin from inactivation |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | This finding suggested to us that mutant SOD might induce cell death because it fails to protect calcineurin |
| 7808 | NGF | nerve growth factor (beta polypeptide) | NGF-differentiated | 1.2 | adenovirus as a vector to express SODWT or SODV148G in NGF-differentiated PC12 cells and hippocampal neurons to test whether calcineurin was |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD-induced | 2.4 | in this death and to elucidate the mechanism underlying mutant SOD-induced cell death |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD-induced | 2.4 | For the latter reason mutant SOD-induced cell death appeared unrelated to an effect on calcineurin activity |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD-induced | 2.4 | To further investigate a role for calcineurin inactivation in mutant SOD-induced cell death we tested the effect of CsA a calcineurin |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD-induced | 2.4 | demonstrate a lack of correlation between calcineurin activity and mutant SOD-induced cell death |
| 7808 | NGF | nerve growth factor (beta polypeptide) | NGF-withdrawal | 1.2 | Both NGF-withdrawal and expression of SOD mutations have been associated with the |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | Both NGF-withdrawal and expression of SOD mutations have been associated with the generation of O 2 |
| 7808 | NGF | nerve growth factor (beta polypeptide) | NGF | 1.2 | For NGF withdrawal and NMDA toxicity the ability of CsA and its |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | hand CsA and its analogs enhanced death induced by mutant SOD |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | found that both drug classes enhanced apoptosis induced by mutant SOD indicating that the action of CsA may be related to |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | A role for rotamase in mutant SOD toxicity was supported by experiments comparing mutant SOD-induced cell death |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD-induced | 2.4 | in mutant SOD toxicity was supported by experiments comparing mutant SOD-induced cell death after expression of CyPAWT vs an isomerase activity-deficient |
| 9253 | PPIA | peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A) | CyPA | 1.3 | after expression of CyPAWT vs an isomerase activity-deficient mutant CyPA(R55A) CyPA R55A |
| 9253 | PPIA | peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A) | CyPA | 1.3 | The WT but not the mutant CyPA protected cells from death induced by mutant SOD expression |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | the mutant CyPA protected cells from death induced by mutant SOD expression |
| 9253 | PPIA | peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A) | CyPA | 1.3 | Although a recent report concluded that CyPA(R55A) CyPA R55A may have more rotamase activity than previously suspected ( |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | importance of rotamase activity in modifying the effect of mutant SOD |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD-induced | 2.4 | The findings that rotamase activity protects cells from mutant SOD-induced cell death and that there is roughly similar rotamase activity |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | WT- and mutant SOD-expressing cells suggests that cells expressing mutant SOD have a greater reliance on rotamase activity and has implications |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | Mutant SOD may increase the oxidative modification of proteins ( 30 and |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | especially sensitive to the free radical damage induced by mutant SOD because of their high oxidative activity at least partly resulting |
| 9253 | PPIA | peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A) | CyPA | 1.3 | In fact CyPA has been shown to be transported by slow axonal transport |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | also may have a role in the normal folding of SOD itself to help stabilize the enzyme or its dimers |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | This activity may be especially critical for abnormal FALS-associated mutant SOD function because SOD mutations may destabilize SOD or the dimer |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | be especially critical for abnormal FALS-associated mutant SOD function because SOD mutations may destabilize SOD or the dimer ( 3 37 |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | abnormal FALS-associated mutant SOD function because SOD mutations may destabilize SOD or the dimer ( 3 37 and may lead to |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | We found that SOD activity decreased slightly more after mutant SOD expression than after |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | We found that SOD activity decreased slightly more after mutant SOD expression than after SODWT expression suggesting that the mutant enzyme |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | WT to the effects of CsA perhaps because the mutant SOD was more sensitive to a decline in rotamase activity and |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | may be that other proteins perhaps ones that interact with SOD are more sensitive to decreased rotamase activity |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | death seen after CsA treatment of PC12 cells expressing mutant SOD is related to its proapoptotic effect on these cells because |
| 7808 | NGF | nerve growth factor (beta polypeptide) | NGF | 1.2 | addition CsA actually decreased cell death in PC12 cells after NGF withdrawal |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | Figure 1 ( A Western blot analysis of SOD from PC12 cells 3 days after mock infection (lane lane |
| 7808 | NGF | nerve growth factor (beta polypeptide) | NGF | 1.2 | assayed 3 days after AdV infection or 1 day after NGF withdrawal |
| 7808 | NGF | nerve growth factor (beta polypeptide) | NGF | 1.2 | PC12 cells ( A and show a protective effect after NGF removal ( B |
| 9253 | PPIA | peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A) | CyPA | 1.3 | 5 Effect of overexpression of WTCyPA or an isomerase-deficient CyPA(R55A) CyPA R55A on PC12 cell death induced by SODV148G expression ( |
| 7808 | NGF | nerve growth factor (beta polypeptide) | NGF | 1.2 | cell death induced by SODV148G expression ( A or after NGF withdrawal ( B |
| 1706 | CD8A | CD8a molecule | CD8 | 0.0 | As a control cells were transfected with CD8 cDNA |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | Table 1 Mean rotamase and SOD activity _amp_#x0005b percent of control (mock-infected) mock-infected PC12 Cells_amp_#x0005d |
| 9253 | PPIA | peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A) | CyPA | 1.3 | Table 2 CyPA overexpression rescues PC12 cells from SODV148G-induced death as well as |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis SOD Cu/Zn Cu Zn superoxide dismutase-1 FALS familial ALS CyP cyclophilin |
| 7808 | NGF | nerve growth factor (beta polypeptide) | NGF | 1.2 | Zn superoxide dismutase-1 FALS familial ALS CyP cyclophilin WT wild-type NGF nerve growth factor AdV adenovirus CsA cyclosporin A NMDA N |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | In 1993 mutations in Cu/Zn Cu Zn superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD) SOD were found to be associated with 20_amp_#x00025 of cases of |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD-induced | 2.4 | investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of mutant SOD-induced FALS |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | SOD is a ubiquitously expressed homodimeric cytosolic enzyme that dismutates superoxide |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | Mutant SOD has been hypothesized to cause FALS not through a loss |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | or an augmentation of a normally present nondismutase activity of SOD |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | transgenic mice ( 4 5 that suggest cells expressing mutant SOD do not necessarily have decreased dismutase function |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | In addition a SOD knockout mouse has normal motor neuron development ( 6 demonstrating |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | The toxicity of mutant SOD has been proposed to involve one or more of the |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | recently has been reported that the expression of FALS-associated mutant SOD in nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated NGF -differentiated PC12 cells primary |
| 7808 | NGF | nerve growth factor (beta polypeptide) | NGF | 1.2 | expression of FALS-associated mutant SOD in nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated NGF -differentiated PC12 cells primary sympathetic neurons and hippocampal neurons leads |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD-induced | 2.4 | The present study explores the relationship of mutant SOD-induced death to calcineurin a calcium/calmodulin-dependent calcium calmodulin-dependent phosphatase and characterizes |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | proline residues aids normal folding and assembly of proteins including SOD and has other cellular functions ( 15 |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | A recent report demonstrated that SOD normally protects calcineurin from inactivation ( 16 |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | The present investigation demonstrates that the proapoptotic activity of mutant SOD is not related to calcineurin inhibition |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | CsA CsG and FK506 enhance cell death induced by mutant SOD and that this enhancement depends on rotamase inhibition |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 3.2 | These findings suggest that mutant SOD may lead to increased protein damage or turnover and a |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | superoxide dismutase 1 | 1.0 | abstract it has been reported that expression of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis fals associated mutant cu/zn superoxide dismutase 1 sod induces apoptosis of neuronal cells in culture associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species. |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | because both groups of drugs inhibit the rotamase activity of cyclophilins cyp but only the immunosuppressant analogs inhibit calcineurin activity these data suggest that rotamase inhibition underlies the enhanced cell death after sodv148g expression. |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | the importance of rotamase activity in mutant sod mediated apoptosis was supported by experiments showing that overexpressed wild type cyclophilin a cypa but not cypa with a rotamase active site point mutation protected cells from death after sodv148g expression. |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | these data suggest that mutant sod produces a greater need for rotamase and also highlights possible new therapeutic strategies in fals. |
| 437 | ALPI | alkaline phosphatase, intestinal | alkaline phosphatase | 1.0 | cypa histidine tagged 17 expression was detected by immunostaining with his probe h 15 rabbit polyclonal antiserum santa cruz biotechnology followed by anti rabbit igg alkaline phosphatase and x phosphate. |
| 9388 | PRKAR1A | protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type I, alpha (tissue specific extinguisher 1) | camp dependent protein kinase | 1.0 | in brief r ii peptide dldvpipgrfdrrvsvaae; 0.25 _amp_#x003bc;m containing the phosphorylation site of type ii camp dependent protein kinase lc services woburn ma was phosphorylated by bovine brain protein kinase a catalytic subunit 30 _amp_#x003bc;g/ml plus _amp_#x0005b;_amp_#x003b3; 32 p_amp_#x0005d;atp 0.5 mm . |
| 9380 | PRKACA | protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, alpha | protein kinase a catalytic subunit | 1.0 | in brief r ii peptide dldvpipgrfdrrvsvaae; 0.25 _amp_#x003bc;m containing the phosphorylation site of type ii camp dependent protein kinase lc services woburn ma was phosphorylated by bovine brain protein kinase a catalytic subunit 30 _amp_#x003bc;g/ml plus _amp_#x0005b;_amp_#x003b3; 32 p_amp_#x0005d;atp 0.5 mm . |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | rotamase activity assay. |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | a previously published 21 chymotrypsin coupled assay was used to measure rotamase activity. |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | cells were treated with csa and were harvested as described above for the rotamase assay. |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | fig. 3 a shows that csa csg and fk506 immunosuppressant drugs known to inhibit calcineurin and the rotamase activity of immunophilin potentiated cell death induced by sodv148g expression fig 3 a . |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | we also examined the effect of pkf 211_amp_#x02013;811 and psc 833 nonimmunosuppressant csa analogs that inhibit cyclophilin rotamase activity but not calcineurin 22 23 . |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | the results suggest that csa enhances sodv148g induced cell death by inhibiting cyclophilin rotamase activity and not because of calcineurin inhibition. |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | effect of csa on rotamase activity levels. |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | the above studies suggested that csa and its immunosuppressive analogs might enhance sod mutant induced cell death through its interference with rotamase activity. |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | it also raised the question as to whether there is a preexisting difference in the level of rotamase activity between sodv148g expressing and mock cells making the former cells more sensitive to csa. |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | therefore we measured rotamase activity in mock wt and mutant sod expressing cells before and after csa treatment. |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | the data show that all cells had a similar amount of rotamase activity before csa treatment and that csa decreased rotamase activity to a similar level in all three groups table 1 with no significant differences in this inhibition in the sodv148g expressing cells vs. other csa treated groups. |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | these results suggested that mutant sod expressing cells might be more sensitive to effects of decreased rotamase activity. |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | our interpretation of these studies is that human sod/rodent sod heterodimers that are formed in the transiently expressing cells may be more sensitive to conformational changes resulting from rotamase inhibition than the homogeneous rodent homodimers present in controls. |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | to further examine the role of cyclophilin rotamase activity on mutant sod induced cell death we transfected ngf differentiated pc12 cells with wild type cypa cypawt cdna or cypa r55a cdna that contains a point mutation in the putative rotamase active |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | activity on mutant sod induced cell death we transfected ngf differentiated pc12 cells with wild type cypa cypawt cdna or cypa r55a cdna that contains a point mutation in the putative rotamase active site. |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | these results suggest that the rotamase function of cypa protects cells from death induced by sodv148g. |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | these results suggest that modulating the rotamase activity is vital for the survival of mutant sod expressing cells. |
| 8988 | PIN1 | peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1 | prolyl isomerase | 1.0 | in addition to inhibiting calcineurin and blocking the mptp csa blocks peptidyl prolyl isomerase rotamase activity of cyclophilins. |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | in addition to inhibiting calcineurin and blocking the mptp csa blocks peptidyl prolyl isomerase rotamase activity of cyclophilins. |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | immunophilin rotamase activity is believed to have a variety of actions in neurons 15 . |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | to test whether csa enhanced sodv148g toxicity through rotamase inhibition we examined the effect of immunosuppressants csa csg and fk506 as well as nonimmunosuppressants pkf 211_amp_#x02013;811 or psc 833 . |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | nonimmunosuppressants do not influence calcineurin activity but do inhibit rotamase activity. |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | we found that both drug classes enhanced apoptosis induced by mutant sod indicating that the action of csa may be related to rotamase inhibition and not to calcineurin inhibition. |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | a role for rotamase in mutant sod toxicity was supported by experiments comparing mutant sod induced cell death after expression of cypawt vs. an isomerase activity deficient mutant cypa r55a . |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | although a recent report concluded that cypa r55a may have more rotamase activity than previously suspected 33 34 it appears that this residual activity is insufficient to permit folding of fully functional proteins 17 . |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | our data highlight the importance of rotamase activity in modifying the effect of mutant sod. |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | the findings that rotamase activity protects cells from mutant sod induced cell death and that there is roughly similar rotamase activity after csa treatment in wt and mutant sod expressing cells suggests that cells expressing mutant sod have a greater reliance on rotamase activity and has implications on our understanding of |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | activity after csa treatment in wt and mutant sod expressing cells suggests that cells expressing mutant sod have a greater reliance on rotamase activity and has implications on our understanding of the mechanism of this toxicity. |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | the increased protein turnover may enhance the need for rotamase function. |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | rotamase also may be needed to refold proteins that are partly denatured by oxidative damage. |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | rotamase may be required to maintain proteins in a correct conformation during their transport in motor axons. |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | rotamase also may have a role in the normal folding of sod itself to help stabilize the enzyme or its dimers. |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | mutant sod expression than after sodwt expression suggesting that the mutant enzyme was more sensitive than wt to the effects of csa perhaps because the mutant sod was more sensitive to a decline in rotamase activity and the consequences of misfolding. |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | it also may be that other proteins perhaps ones that interact with sod are more sensitive to decreased rotamase activity. |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | our observations have implications regarding possible therapy of fals suggesting the potential use of chaperone proteins or of agents that modulate rotamase activity to correct the deficits. |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | rather our studies suggest that these drugs worsen the fals mediated cell death because of rotamase inhibition. |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | table 1 mean rotamase and sod activity _amp_#x0005b;percent of control mock infected pc12 cells_amp_#x0005d; |
| 7808 | NGF | nerve growth factor (beta polypeptide) | nerve growth factor | 1.0 | als amyotrophic lateral sclerosis sod cu/zn superoxide dismutase 1 fals familial als cyp cyclophilin wt wild type ngf nerve growth factor adv adenovirus csa cyclosporin a nmda n methyl d aspartate mptp mitochondrial permeability transition pore |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | superoxide dismutase 1 | 1.0 | als amyotrophic lateral sclerosis sod cu/zn superoxide dismutase 1 fals familial als cyp cyclophilin wt wild type ngf nerve growth factor adv adenovirus csa cyclosporin a nmda n methyl d aspartate mptp mitochondrial permeability transition pore |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | superoxide dismutase 1 | 1.0 | in 1993 mutations in cu/zn superoxide dismutase 1 sod were found to be associated with 20_amp_#x00025; of cases of familial als fals 1 . |
| 7808 | NGF | nerve growth factor (beta polypeptide) | nerve growth factor | 1.0 | it recently has been reported that the expression of fals associated mutant sod in nerve growth factor ngf differentiated pc12 cells primary sympathetic neurons and hippocampal neurons leads to altered o 2 content and an apoptotic cell death 12 . |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | suppressants bind immunophilins _amp_#x0005b;the drug receptor: e.g. cyclophilins cyp or fk binding protein_amp_#x0005d; and the drug immunophilin complex inhibits calcineurin activity as well as the rotamase peptidyl prolyl cis_amp_#x02013;trans isomerase activity of the immunophilins 13 14 . |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | rotamase facilitates cis_amp_#x02013;trans isomerization of the peptide bond on the n terminal side of proline residues aids normal folding and assembly of proteins including sod and has other cellular functi |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | most importantly we show that immunosuppressant drugs csa csg and fk506 enhance cell death induced by mutant sod and that this enhancement depends on rotamase inhibition. |
| 3711 | FKBP1A | FK506 binding protein 1A, 12kDa | rotamase | 1.0 | these findings suggest that mutant sod may lead to increased protein damage or turnover and a greater reliance on rotamase activity. |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | superoxide dismutase | 1.0 | superoxide dismutase|calcineurin|immunophilins| |