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| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | the effects of agents such as N -acetyl-L -cysteine (NAC), NAC which reduce free radical damage | |  |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | mice were given a 1% solution of the glutathione precursor NAC in their drinking water for a period of 9 weeks | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | examination of these animals revealed that wobbler mice treated with NAC exhibited (1) 1 a significant reduction in motor neuron loss | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | neurons in wobbler mice and demonstrate that oral administration of NAC effectively reduces the degree of motor degeneration in wobbler mice | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | The compound N -acetyl-L -cysteine (NAC) NAC has been shown to inhibit ROS thus increasing the viability | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | In vivo NAC also has been shown to reduce the toxicity of compounds | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | In humans extensive clinical experience with NAC suggests that it is a compound of low toxicity most | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | NAC seems to exert these effects by acting directly as an | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | To examine the effects of NAC on motor neuron degeneration in vivo we treated wobbler mice | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | degeneration in vivo we treated wobbler mice per os with NAC over a period of 9 weeks | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | The results demonstrate that NAC treatment reduces the decline in several important morphological and functional | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC-treated | 0.3 | solutions were adjusted to the same pH and molarity as NAC-treated animals (61.2 61.2 m M and served as control agents | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC-treated | 0.3 | Four-week-old NAC-treated mice drank an average of 3.4 _amp_#177 0.6 ml per | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | The mean quantity of NAC ingested was ~2.3 mg/gm mg gm body weight | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | The mean quantity of NAC received was 2.1 mg/gm mg gm body weight | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC-treated | 0.3 | Even within the NAC-treated group the distinction between wr/wr wr wr and NW mice | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC-treated | 0.3 | of the facial nerve for wr/wr wr wr NW and NAC-treated wr/wr wr wr and NW mice is shown in Figure | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC-treated | 0.3 | In NAC-treated wr/wr wr wr mice [wr/wr(N)] wr wr N this reduction | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | nerve as compared with NW controls wobbler animals treated with NAC do not show this loss of motor axons instead giving | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC-treated | 0.3 | the distribution of axon areas in wr/wr wr wr and NAC-treated wr/wr wr wr mice respectively | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC-treated | 0.3 | In contrast NAC-treated wobbler mice do not show a marked reduction in axon | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | the wobbler controls are significantly different from both the wr NAC treatment and NW groups pair-wise comparisons wr/wr wr wr vs | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | given above demonstrate that oral treatment of wobbler mice with NAC can reduce significantly the degree of axonal atrophy and loss | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | To examine the effects of NAC on neuromuscular aspects of the forelimb we took 10 micro | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | neurons by 9 weeks of age wobbler mice treated with NAC exhibited significantly greater numbers of ChAT-positive neurons than wr/wr wr | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC-wobbler | 0.3 | However NAC-wobbler mice still exhibited a substantial loss of ChAT-positive neurons as | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | To determine the effects of NAC treatment on the innervation targets of these spinal motor neurons | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | As shown in Figure 4 A B animals treated with NAC show a significant increase in the overall mass of the | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | Thus treatment with NAC reduces the degree of overt muscular atrophy that is induced | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | To delineate more clearly the effects of NAC on muscle morphology within the distal forelimb we determined cross-sectional | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | shown in Figure 4 C indicate that animals treated with NAC show a marked increase in mean fiber area (~603 ~603 | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | These data demonstrate that oral administration of NAC can reduce significantly motor neuron loss and axonal atrophy in | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | These results demonstrate that although wobbler mice receiving NAC do exhibit a significant reduction in forelimb function they perform | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | These data suggest that treatment with NAC does result in some reduction in the functional losses that | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | Previous work has suggested that NAC acts in part by increasing intracellular supplies of cysteine the | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | To determine the ability of NAC to enhance the free-radical scavenging ability of the GPx system | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | As shown in Figure 6 animals that received NAC in their drinking water exhibited a substantial increase in GPx | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | similar to that of NW mice that did not receive NAC supplementation | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | To further assess the ability of NAC to effect GPx activity levels in non-wobbler mice we injected | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | (glucose glucose treatment group daily with 1 mg/gm mg gm NAC for 3 d before the analysis | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | These results demonstrate the ability of NAC to enhance antioxidant activity in tissues affected by the wobbler | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | The results demonstrate that daily oral administration of NAC significantly reduces the degeneration of lower motor neurons in wobbler | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | For motor axons of the facial nerve application of NAC resulted in a generalized increase in axon number and caliber | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | Within the cervical spinal cord NAC reduced losses of choline acetyltransferase-positive neurons | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | NAC has been shown previously in several of these paradigms to | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | The ability of NAC to reduce the loss of these lower motor neurons in | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | in the cervical spinal cord suggests a means by which NAC may act to reduce local ROS levels | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | Previous work also demonstrates that NAC directly supports glutathione synthesis in neural cells thus reducing intracellular | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | These data suggest that NAC may exert survival-promoting effects in a manner independent of its | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | NAC has been used previously in a limited trial over a | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | no net clinical improvement was observed in patients treated with NAC segregation of ALS cases into bulbar and limb onset groups | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | In ALS cases of bulbar onset NAC did not improve survival | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | However in patients with the limb onset form NAC does seem to improve survival (NAC NAC 74% 28/38; 28 | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | limb onset form NAC does seem to improve survival (NAC NAC 74% 28/38; 28 38 vehicle 51% 22/43) 22 43 | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | It is interesting to speculate that the differential availability of NAC to these two neural populations may underlie the differences in | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | function over a similar time frame than those treated with NAC | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | For example to be accessible to motor neurons NAC must be taken up via contact with somatic tissue through | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | Oral administration of NAC does result in enhanced GPx activity in the cervical spinal | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | axonal transport may be impaired in their ability to accumulate NAC and its metabolites thus limiting its potential therapeutic effects | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | In addition it is important to realize that NAC may be affecting only a portion of the pathways involved | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | Despite this the use of agents such as NAC would seem to be a practical approach to enhancing cell | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | intrathecal implantation of proteins which are quite labile in vivo NAC can be given per os over dispersed intervals | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | NAC is also an inexpensive drug possessing few side effects and | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | to that of several human neurodegenerative disorders the application of NAC may prove useful in treating other mammalian neurodegenerative diseases | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | NAC reduces axonal loss in wobbler facial nerve | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC-treated | 0.3 | Control-treated wr/wr wr wr mice n = 17 NAC-treated wr/wr wr wr mice n = 11 NW mice n | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | NAC prevents losses in axon caliber in wobbler mice | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC-treated | 0.3 | C Axon distribution of NAC-treated wr/wr wr wr mice n = 6 | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | NAC reduces the loss of ChAT-positive neurons in the cervical spinal | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | NAC reduces the atrophy of forelimb muscles in wobbler mice | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | NAC reduces functional losses in the forelimb of wobbler mice | | |
| 8922414 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | NAC treatment augments glutathione peroxidase (GPx) GPx levels in the cervical | | |
| 12663085 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | of MG and 3-DG was attenuated by N -acetylcysteine (NAC) NAC | | |
| 12663085 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | NAC can raise intracellular GSH levels and thereby provide cells with | | |
| 12663085 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | In addition NAC also reacts with MG directly and reversibly to form the | | |
| 12663085 | NAC | NAC | 0.3 | To test this possibility we added glutathione-augmenting agents such as NAC and glutathione ethyl ester (GEE) GEE 24 h before MG | | |