HUGO ID Detailed Result 12435

HUGO ID 12435
Symbol TXN
Name thioredoxin
#Occurrence 72
#Paper 5

 

PMID Match String Actual String Score Flanking text Edited by Edit
11679167TRXtrx1.0Indeed Yap1p is constitutively active in thioredoxin deficient mutants ( trx 1_amp_#x394 trx 2_amp_#x394 ( Izawa et al. 1999 and the 
11679167TRXtrx1.0is constitutively active in thioredoxin deficient mutants ( trx 1_amp_#x394 trx 2_amp_#x394 ( Izawa et al. 1999 and the whole genome 
17191135TRXTRX2.5TRX Thioredoxin SH (reduced reduced form S-S oxidized form 
17191135TRXTrx2.5The thioredoxin system The thioredoxin (Trx) Trx system (Trx Trx and Trx reductase has received a considerable 
17191135TRXTrx2.5The thioredoxin system The thioredoxin (Trx) Trx system (Trx Trx and Trx reductase has received a considerable attention in the 
17191135TRXTrx2.5thioredoxin system The thioredoxin (Trx) Trx system (Trx Trx and Trx reductase has received a considerable attention in the last years 
17191135TRXTrx2.5Trx is a ubiquitous thiol oxidoreductase system that regulates cellular redox 
17191135TRXTrx2.5a hydrogen donor for ribonucleotide reductase required for DNA synthesis Trx plays an essential role in cell function by limiting oxidative 
17191135TRXTrx2.5of many processes is provided by an interaction between the Trx and GSH systems 62 
17191135TRXTrx2.5In fact Trx and GSH systems are involved in a variety of redox-dependent 
17191135TRXTrx2.5The Trx system rather may play a critical role in the redox 
17191135TRXTrx2.5reduced form by TrxR and NADPH collectively known as the Trx system 
17191135TRXTrx2.5Trx reductase belongs to the flavoprotein family of pyridine nucleotide disulfide 
17191135TRXTrx2.5the catalytic activity of mammalian TrxR toward reduction of oxidized Trx and various antioxidant molecules such as lipoic acid ascorbic acid 
17191135TRXTrx2.5Trx which behaves as a soluble protein after disruption of cells 
17191135TRX1Trx-13.0of cells exists as one of the cytoplasmic proteins (Trx-1) Trx-1 and a mitochondrial (Trx-2) Trx-2 isoform 60 
17191135TRX1Trx-13.0A growing number of studies report a striking association between Trx-1 up-regulation in the CNS and neuron survival following various injuries 
17191135TRX1Trx-13.0Trx-1 and TrxR the most extensively studied eukaryotic thioredoxin proteins were 
17191135TRX1Trx-13.0Trx-1 has been then found widely expressed in rat brain especially 
17191135TRX1Trx-13.0Immunohistochemical analysis of Trx-1 in human brain showed positive Trx1-like staining in white matter 
17191135TRXTrx2.5The promoter of the Trx gene contains a series of stress-responsive elements various transcription factor 
17191135TRX1Trx-13.0ARE-mediated Trx-1 induction involves the transcription factor Nfr2 
17191135TRXTrx2.5Moreover it has been reported that Trx is constitutively present as a surface-associated sulfhydryl protein in plasma 
17191135TRXTrx2.5UV irradiation and hydrogen peroxide have been shown to induce Trx expression and secretion as a redox-sensitive molecule with cytokine-like and 
17191135TRXTrx2.5and hemin has been reported to cause the translocation of Trx from the cytoplasm to the nucleus where it regulates the 
17191135TRXTrx2.5Plasma levels of Trx in normal individuals vary between 10 and 80 ng/ml; ng 
17191135TRX1Trx-13.0Of note several studies reported increased Trx-1 expression in many human primary cancers and tumor cell lines 
17191135TRXTrx2.5Elevated Trx levels may contribute to increased cancer cell proliferation and resistance 
17191135TRX1Trx-13.0Recent work suggests that Trx-1 play a key role in NGF signaling pathways 74 
17191135TRX1Trx-13.0and function of the CNS has been shown to activate Trx-1 expression via cyclic AMP (cAMP)-response cAMP -response elements (CREs) CREs 
17191135TRX1Trx-13.0AMP (cAMP)-response cAMP -response elements (CREs) CREs present in the Trx-1 gene promoter and also to induce nuclear translocation of Trx1 
17191135TRX1Trx12.5Trx-1 gene promoter and also to induce nuclear translocation of Trx1 75 
17191135TRXTrx2.5to regulate the function of proteins through thiol-disulfide exchange reactions Trx may also have beneficial effects during oxidative stress by transcriptionally 
17191135TRXTrx2.5Besides the role as a source of reducing equivalents Trx by itself acts as antioxidant or ROS scavenger 
17191135TRXTrx2.5In fact Trx eliminates singlet oxygen hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide 78 
17191135TRXTrx2.5Another family of proteins acting in conjunction with Trx is the peroxide scavenger Peroxiredoxin (Prx) Prx 
17191135TRXTrx2.5antioxidant enzymes most of which use the reducing activity of Trx or other electron donors to catalyze the reduction of peroxides 
17191135TRXTrx2.5As for cytosolic Trx (Trx-1), Trx-1 the induction of Prx-1 appears to involve the 
17191135TRX1Trx-13.0As for cytosolic Trx (Trx-1), Trx-1 the induction of Prx-1 appears to involve the transcription factor 
17191135TRXTrx2.5A second slightly larger Trx isoform (Trx-2), Trx-2 is also present in mammalian cells where 
17191135TRXTrx2.5inactivation studies in DT-40 chicken cells suggest that this mitochondrial Trx isoenzyme is essential for cell survival 
17191135TRXTrx2.5Among the very few studies available on the expression of Trx cycle enzymes in neurodegenerative processes one report indicated increased Trx1 
17191135TRX1Trx12.5Trx cycle enzymes in neurodegenerative processes one report indicated increased Trx1 protein and RNA levels in the grey and white matter 
17191135TRXTrx2.5that treatments of primary rat hippocampal cell cultures with exogenous Trx enhanced their survival against B-amyloid cytotoxicity 97 
17191135TRXTrx2.5Thus it has been suggested that Trx might play a protective role in AD and Trx-1 deficit 
17191135TRX1Trx-13.0that Trx might play a protective role in AD and Trx-1 deficit might eventually contribute to increased oxidative stress and subsequent 
17191135TRX1Trx-13.0In contrast to low Trx-1 protein levels TrxR activity was significantly elevated in the amygdala 
17191135TRXTrx2.5It is likely that the expression of the Trx cycle enzymes must be tightly regulated in order to maintain 
17496232TRXTrx1.0(GPx; GPx reactions 6 and 7 and thioredoxin peroxidase (Trx; Trx reaction 8 are preferentially distributed in cytosol and peroxisomes 
11679167thioredoxinthioredoxin1.0indeed the nadph is essential for the glutathione and the thioredoxin antioxidant systems which play a key role in maintaining a reduced intracellular state in the cells challenged by an oxidative stress fig 5 kuge and jones 1994 ; izawa et al. 1995 ; morgan et al. 199 
11679167thioredoxinthioredoxin1.0indeed yap1p is constitutively active in thioredoxin deficient mutants trx 1_amp_#x394; trx 2_amp_#x394; izawa et al. 1999 and the whole genome analysis of gene expression showed that 70% of the yap1p targets are upregulated in mutants lacking thioredo 
11679167thioredoxinthioredoxin1.0 deficient mutants trx 1_amp_#x394; trx 2_amp_#x394; izawa et al. 1999 and the whole genome analysis of gene expression showed that 70% of the yap1p targets are upregulated in mutants lacking thioredoxin reductase trr 1_amp_#x394; under non stress conditions carmel harel et al. 2001 .  
11679167thioredoxinthioredoxin1.0as yap1p/skn7p mediates the upregulation of thioredoxin system these results indicate that yap1p function is regulated by a feedback mechanism.  
11679167thioredoxinthioredoxin1.0the reduction of yap1p disulphide bonds by the thioredoxin system exposes the nuclear export signals and crm1p exports yap1p back to the cytoplasm.  
11679167thioredoxinthioredoxin1.0these results suggest that the effects of hydrogen peroxide endogenously produced or added are stronger in cells lacking thioredoxin reductase probably due to a decreased capacity to eliminate the oxidant and/or to reduce yap1p disulphide bonds.  
11679167thioredoxinthioredoxin1.0despite the increased levels of antioxidant defences and other stress proteins the trr 1_amp_#x394; mutants are hypersensitive to hydrogen peroxide indicating that the thioredoxin system plays a critical role in the detoxification of hydrogen peroxide.  
11679167thioredoxinthioredoxin1.0glutathione and thioredoxin antioxidant systems.  
11679167thioredoxinthioredoxin1.0 a glutathione gsh and thioredoxin trx sh2 are oxidised during reduction of hydroperoxides and disulphide bonds.  
11679167thioredoxinthioredoxin1.0 b nadph is essential for reduction of oxidised glutathione gssg and thioredoxin trx s 2 to gsh and trx sh 2 respectively.  
11679167thioredoxinthioredoxin1.0 a under non stress conditions thioredoxin reduces the cysteine residues and exposes the nes.  
12125078thioredoxinthioredoxin1.0gga was found to induce the expression of heat shock protein 70 as well as thioredoxin which may partly contribute to the protective effect of gga.  
14648077thioredoxinthioredoxin1.0prx2 requires thioredoxin reductase tr as a secondary enzyme as well as thioredoxin and nadph as cofactors to function at high efficiency; the activity of prx2 in the thioredoxin/tr/nadph system is over five times higher than that of prx2 by itself [ 5 ].  
14648077thioredoxinthioredoxin1.0in addition to controlling the intracellular content of h 2 o 2 prx2 directly regulates the redox signals of the thioredoxin/tr/nadph system because alone the secondary enzyme and cofactors i.e. thioredoxin/tr/nadph can not directly regulate the redox system and can not act on h 2 o 2 .  
17191135thioredoxinthioredoxin1.0oxs oxidative stress; ho 1 heme oxygenase; trxr thioredoxin reductase.  
17191135thioredoxinthioredoxin1.0trx thioredoxin sh reduced form s s oxidized form.  
17191135thioredoxinthioredoxin1.0in addition the key role played by members of the vitagene system such as ho 1 and thioredoxin fig 1 a in modulating the onset and progression of major neurodegenerative diseases such as ad and pd are discussed.  
17191135thioredoxinthioredoxin1.0in eukaryotes typical examples are genes such as heme oxygenase thioredoxin and detoxificant enzymes mn sod glutathione s transferase nadph: quinone reductase cytokine immunoreceptors and growth factors.  
17191135thioredoxinthioredoxin1.0the thioredoxin system the thioredoxin trx system trx and trx reductase has received a considerable attention in the last years as a stress responsive gene [ 60 ] fig 1 a .  
17191135thioredoxinthioredoxin1.0thioredoxin itself is kept in a reduced form by trxr and nadph collectively known as the trx system.  
17191135thioredoxinthioredoxin1.0trx 1 and trxr the most extensively studied eukaryotic thioredoxin proteins were first localized immunohistochemically in the rat sciatic nerve.  
17191135thioredoxinthioredoxin1.0the prxs also called thioredoxin peroxidases are a relatively newly discovered family of antioxidant enzymes most of which use the reducing activity of trx or other electron donors to catalyze the reduction of peroxides including h  
17191135thioredoxinthioredoxin1.0these observations strongly support a role for nitrosative stress in the pathogenesis of ad and indicate that the stress responsive genes such as heme oxygenase and thioredoxin reductase may represent important targets for novel cytoprotective strategies [ 96 ].