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18246426 ( ) |
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| Title | Elevated inflammatory markers in a group of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients from northern India. |
| Abstract | The role of cytokines in the pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and its relation to clinical outcome has not been clearly defined. We evaluated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in the serum of 22 ALS patients and 20 controls. Serum TNF-alpha levels and IFN-gamma levels were significantly (P < 0.001) elevated in ALS patients. We also observed NO levels to be significantly (P < 0.05) increased with respect to normal subjects. We further noticed positive correlation between the duration of ALS and these proinflammatory molecule levels. Exitotoxicity and oxidative stress are known to play a crucial role in the neurodegeneration observed in ALS. Since high levels of TNF-alpha are known to be cytotoxic, it could be that a complex interplay of these effectors may be one of the factors underlying the progression of ALS. This study confirms the involvement of inflammation in ALS and the need to develop surrogate markers to check the progression of this disease. Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, UP 226014, India. gnageshbabu@yahoo.com |
NOTE: Color highlight is limited to the abstract and SciMiner text-mining mode. If you see much more identified targets below from "Targets by SciMiner Summary" and "Targets by SciMiner Full list", they may have been identified from the full text.
Targets by SciMiner Summary
| HUGO ID | Symbol | Target Name | #Occur | ActualStr |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11892 | TNF | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) | 28 | tumor necrosis factor | tumor necrosis factor alpha | TNF-A | |
| 5438 | IFNG | interferon, gamma | 20 | IFN-G | |
| 7872 | NOS1 | nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal) | 5 | NOS | nNOS | |
| 6018 | IL6 | interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2) | 4 | IL-6 | il 6 | |
| 7873 | NOS2A | nitric oxide synthase 2A (inducible, hepatocytes) | 2 | iNOS | nitric oxide synthase | |
| 6925 | MBP | myelin basic protein | 1 | myelin basic protein | |
Targets by SciMiner Full list
| HUGO ID | Symbol | Name | ActualStr | Score | FlankingText |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11892 | TNF | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) | TNF-A | 1.7 | We evaluated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-A), TNF-A interferon-G (IFN-G) IFN-G and nitric oxide (NO) NO levels in |
| 5438 | IFNG | interferon, gamma | IFN-G | 0.8 | We evaluated tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-A), TNF-A interferon-G (IFN-G) IFN-G and nitric oxide (NO) NO levels in the serum of |
| 11892 | TNF | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) | TNF-A | 1.7 | Serum TNF-A levels and IFN-G levels were significantly ( P _lt_ 0.001 |
| 5438 | IFNG | interferon, gamma | IFN-G | 0.8 | Serum TNF-A levels and IFN-G levels were significantly ( P _lt_ 0.001 elevated in ALS |
| 11892 | TNF | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) | TNF-A | 1.7 | Since high levels of TNF-A are known to be cytotoxic it could be that a |
| 11892 | TNF | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) | TNF-A | 1.7 | role of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-A (TNF-A) TNF-A and interferon-G (IFN-G) IFN-G as potential mediators during the progression |
| 5438 | IFNG | interferon, gamma | IFN-G | 0.8 | such as tumor necrosis factor-A (TNF-A) TNF-A and interferon-G (IFN-G) IFN-G as potential mediators during the progression of brain injury is |
| 11892 | TNF | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) | TNF-A | 1.7 | TNF-A is essential to orchestrate the immune response in the brain |
| 11892 | TNF | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) | TNF-A | 1.7 | The duration of the response and levels of TNF-A in the cerebral environment may be the critical factors for |
| 11892 | TNF | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) | TNF-A | 1.7 | The detrimental effects of TNF-A in the CNS may also depend on the presence of |
| 11892 | TNF | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) | TNF-A | 1.7 | Ag stimulated T cells have the ability to produce TNF-A along with IFN-G that acts in both innate and specific |
| 5438 | IFNG | interferon, gamma | IFN-G | 0.8 | T cells have the ability to produce TNF-A along with IFN-G that acts in both innate and specific cell-mediated immunities 16 |
| 11892 | TNF | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) | TNF-A | 1.7 | The mixture of both TNF-A and IFN-G may therefore be harmful to neuronal elements |
| 5438 | IFNG | interferon, gamma | IFN-G | 0.8 | The mixture of both TNF-A and IFN-G may therefore be harmful to neuronal elements |
| 5438 | IFNG | interferon, gamma | IFN-G | 0.8 | In this regard transgenic mice expressing IFN-G in hippocampus exhibit profound enhanced microglial reactivity to lesion-induced neuronal |
| 5438 | IFNG | interferon, gamma | IFN-G | 0.8 | profound enhanced microglial reactivity to lesion-induced neuronal injury indicating that IFN-G acts as an amplifier of the response 17 |
| 5438 | IFNG | interferon, gamma | IFN-G | 0.8 | Four days of treatment with IFN-G failed to alter cell survival or myelin basic protein gene |
| 11892 | TNF | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) | TNF-A | 1.7 | Fas-mediated apoptosis and this effect is augmented in presence of TNF-A 18 |
| 7872 | NOS1 | nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal) | NOS | 2.7 | is synthesized from l -arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) NOS 22 23 |
| 7872 | NOS1 | nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal) | NOS | 2.7 | Within the CNS two isoforms of NOS exist calcium dependent neuronal form (nNOS) nNOS and inducible calcium |
| 7872 | NOS1 | nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal) | nNOS | 2.7 | two isoforms of NOS exist calcium dependent neuronal form (nNOS) nNOS and inducible calcium independent form (iNOS) iNOS |
| 7873 | NOS2A | nitric oxide synthase 2A (inducible, hepatocytes) | iNOS | 2.7 | neuronal form (nNOS) nNOS and inducible calcium independent form (iNOS) iNOS |
| 7872 | NOS1 | nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal) | nNOS | 2.7 | Under normal conditions neurons containing nNOS release relatively small quantities of NO which has neurotransmitter like |
| 11892 | TNF | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) | TNF-A | 1.7 | of this study is to measure the systemic inflammatory markers TNF-A IFN-G and nitric oxide in ALS patients and evaluate their |
| 5438 | IFNG | interferon, gamma | IFN-G | 0.8 | this study is to measure the systemic inflammatory markers TNF-A IFN-G and nitric oxide in ALS patients and evaluate their role |
| 11892 | TNF | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) | TNF-A | 1.7 | TNF-A and IFN-G assay The serum thus obtained was stored at |
| 5438 | IFNG | interferon, gamma | IFN-G | 0.8 | TNF-A and IFN-G assay The serum thus obtained was stored at _amp_#8722 80C |
| 11892 | TNF | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) | TNF-A | 1.7 | obtained was stored at _amp_#8722 80C and was used for TNF-A and IFN-G estimation by ELISA |
| 5438 | IFNG | interferon, gamma | IFN-G | 0.8 | stored at _amp_#8722 80C and was used for TNF-A and IFN-G estimation by ELISA |
| 11892 | TNF | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) | TNF-A | 1.7 | Elisa kits for the estimation of TNF-A and IFN-G were obtained from R_amp_D Systems Minneapolis MN USA |
| 5438 | IFNG | interferon, gamma | IFN-G | 0.8 | Elisa kits for the estimation of TNF-A and IFN-G were obtained from R_amp_D Systems Minneapolis MN USA |
| 11892 | TNF | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) | TNF-A | 1.7 | It may be noted that serum TNF-A levels in ALS patients were significantly higher ( P _lt_ |
| 5438 | IFNG | interferon, gamma | IFN-G | 0.8 | noticed a significant elevation ( P _lt_ 0.001 in serum IFN-G NO levels in ALS patients versus controls (Figs Figs 2 |
| 11892 | TNF | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) | TNF-A | 1.7 | Fig 1 Serum mean TNF-A (pg/ml pg ml SEM levels in ALS patients ( n |
| 5438 | IFNG | interferon, gamma | IFN-G | 0.8 | Fig 2 Serum mean IFN-G (pg/ml pg ml SEM levels in ALS patients ( n |
| 11892 | TNF | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) | TNF-A | 1.7 | Furthermore it can be seen that in ALS patients serum TNF-A IFN-G and NO levels (Figs Figs 4 -6 respectively started |
| 5438 | IFNG | interferon, gamma | IFN-G | 0.8 | it can be seen that in ALS patients serum TNF-A IFN-G and NO levels (Figs Figs 4 -6 respectively started to |
| 11892 | TNF | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) | TNF-A | 1.7 | Fig 4 Second degree polynomial regression plot showing serum mean TNF-A (pg/ml pg ml SEM levels versus duration of illness in |
| 5438 | IFNG | interferon, gamma | IFN-G | 0.8 | Fig 5 Second degree polynomial regression plot showing IFN-G levels (pg/ml pg ml SEM versus duration of illness in |
| 6018 | IL6 | interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2) | IL-6 | 1.3 | a result of its anti-inflammatory action on cytokines such as IL-6 |
| 11892 | TNF | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) | TNF-A | 1.7 | In the present study we observed significant elevation in serum TNF-A and IFN-G levels in ALS patients and also this increase |
| 5438 | IFNG | interferon, gamma | IFN-G | 0.8 | present study we observed significant elevation in serum TNF-A and IFN-G levels in ALS patients and also this increase was most |
| 6018 | IL6 | interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2) | IL-6 | 1.3 | Moreau et al 29 measured IL-6 and TNF-A in patients with ALS |
| 11892 | TNF | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) | TNF-A | 1.7 | Moreau et al 29 measured IL-6 and TNF-A in patients with ALS |
| 11892 | TNF | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) | TNF-A | 1.7 | none of the patients including the five patients in whom TNF-A levels peaked at 24 months were having any significant respiratory |
| 11892 | TNF | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) | TNF-A | 1.7 | The source for the increased serum TNF-A and IFN-G in the present study could be peripheral immune |
| 5438 | IFNG | interferon, gamma | IFN-G | 0.8 | The source for the increased serum TNF-A and IFN-G in the present study could be peripheral immune cells |
| 11892 | TNF | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) | TNF-A | 1.7 | et al 30 did not find any correlation between blood TNF-A levels and duration of the disease in ALS patients |
| 11892 | TNF | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) | TNF-A | 1.7 | Moreover Holmoy et al 31 could not detect TNF-A and IFN-G levels in the CSF of ALS patients using |
| 5438 | IFNG | interferon, gamma | IFN-G | 0.8 | Moreover Holmoy et al 31 could not detect TNF-A and IFN-G levels in the CSF of ALS patients using a cytometric |
| 7872 | NOS1 | nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal) | NOS | 2.7 | Considering that NO levels correlate closely with the activity of NOS in brain 34 the pronounced increases found in ALS patients |
| 11892 | TNF | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) | TNF-A | 1.7 | To conclude serum TNF-A and IFN-G levels peaked around 24 months from the onset |
| 5438 | IFNG | interferon, gamma | IFN-G | 0.8 | To conclude serum TNF-A and IFN-G levels peaked around 24 months from the onset in these |
| 11892 | TNF | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) | tumor necrosis factor alpha | 1.0 | we evaluated tumor necrosis factor alpha tnf a interferon g ifn g and nitric oxide no levels in the serum of 22 als patients and 20 controls. |
| 11892 | TNF | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) | tumor necrosis factor | 1.0 | keywords amyotrophic lateral sclerosis tumor necrosis factor a interferon g nitric oxide inflammation |
| 11892 | TNF | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) | tumor necrosis factor | 1.0 | the role of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor a tnf a and interferon g ifn g as potential mediators during the progression of brain injury is not clear. |
| 6925 | MBP | myelin basic protein | myelin basic protein | 1.0 | four days of treatment with ifn g failed to alter cell survival or myelin basic protein gene expression in cultured human oligodendrocytes but these cells are more susceptible to fas mediated apoptosis and this effect is augmented in presence of tnf a [ 18 ]. |
| 7873 | NOS2A | nitric oxide synthase 2A (inducible, hepatocytes) | nitric oxide synthase | 1.0 | no is synthesized from l arginine by nitric oxide synthase nos [ 22 23 ]. |
| 6018 | IL6 | interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2) | il 6 | 1.0 | czlonkowska et al. [ 28 ] showed that neuroprotective activity of estrogen could be partially a result of its anti inflammatory action on cytokines such as il 6. |
| 6018 | IL6 | interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2) | il 6 | 1.0 | moreau et al. [ 29 ] measured il 6 and tnf a in patients with als. |