)| PMID |
17306794 ( ) |
|---|---|
| Title | Differential expression of cathepsin X in aging and pathological central nervous system of mice. |
| Abstract | Increasing evidence of a fundamental influence of cathepsins on inflammation has drawn interest in a thorough understanding of their role in physiological and pathological processes. Even though the number of identified cathepsins has more than doubled in the last years, information about their expression, regulation and function in the brain is still incomplete. In the present study we analyzed the regional, cellular and subcellular localization and the activity of the recently discovered cathepsin X in the normal, developing and pathological mouse brain. Our results show that CATX is: (i) is expressed in almost all cells in the mouse brain with a preference for glial cells; (ii) already widely expressed early in development and age-dependently upregulated in amount and activity; (iii) prominently localized in the lysosomal system but also scattered in the somal cytoplasm in the aged brain; (iv) upregulated in numerous glial cells of degenerating brain regions in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; and (v) associated with plaques in a transgenic mouse model and in Alzheimer patients. These results strongly suggest that cathepsin X is an important player in degenerative processes during normal aging and in pathological conditions. Bochum, Germany. |
NOTE: Color highlight is limited to the abstract and SciMiner text-mining mode. If you see much more identified targets below from "Targets by SciMiner Summary" and "Targets by SciMiner Full list", they may have been identified from the full text.
Targets by SciMiner Summary
| HUGO ID | Symbol | Target Name | #Occur | ActualStr |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 620 | APP | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (peptidase nexin-II, Alzheimer disease) | 17 | APP | amyloid | amyloid beta protein | |
| 9508 | PSEN1 | presenilin 1 (Alzheimer disease 3) | 14 | PS1 | presenilin 1 | |
| 2527 | CTSB | cathepsin B | 9 | cathepsin b | CATB | |
| 2537 | CTSL1 | cathepsin L1 | 5 | cathepsin l | CATL | |
| 6149 | ITGAM | integrin, alpha M (complement component 3 receptor 3 subunit) | 4 | CD11b | |
| 4235 | GFAP | glial fibrillary acidic protein | 4 | glial fibrillary acidic protein | GFAP | |
| 2536 | CTSK | cathepsin K | 4 | cathepsin x | |
| 1509 | CASP8 | caspase 8, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase | 3 | cysteine protease | |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | 2 | SOD1 | |
| 10417 | RPS27A | ribosomal protein S27a | 1 | ubiquitin | |
| 2545 | CTSS | cathepsin S | 1 | cathepsin s | |
| 11801 | THY1 | Thy-1 cell surface antigen | 1 | Thy1 | |
| 3146 | ECE1 | endothelin converting enzyme 1 | 1 | ECE-1 | |
| 7762 | NEUROD1 | neurogenic differentiation 1 | 1 | beta2 | |
| 2530 | CTSE | cathepsin E | 1 | CATE | |
Targets by SciMiner Full list
| HUGO ID | Symbol | Name | ActualStr | Score | FlankingText |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 620 | APP | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (peptidase nexin-II, Alzheimer disease) | APP | 0.6 | SOD1-G93A and the Alzheimer's disease double transgenic mouse model APP/PS1 APP PS1 |
| 9508 | PSEN1 | presenilin 1 (Alzheimer disease 3) | PS1 | 0.9 | and the Alzheimer's disease double transgenic mouse model APP/PS1 APP PS1 |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD1 | 2.4 | copies ( Gurney et al. 1994 of the human mutant SOD1 gene (Cu/Zn-SOD) Cu Zn-SOD containing the Gly 93 _amp_#x2192 Ala |
| 620 | APP | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (peptidase nexin-II, Alzheimer disease) | amyloid | 1.3 | Transgenic mice expressing the human amyloid precursor protein (APP) APP with the Swedish mutation (K670M/N671L) K670M |
| 620 | APP | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (peptidase nexin-II, Alzheimer disease) | APP | 0.6 | Transgenic mice expressing the human amyloid precursor protein (APP) APP with the Swedish mutation (K670M/N671L) K670M N671L and the human |
| 9508 | PSEN1 | presenilin 1 (Alzheimer disease 3) | PS1 | 0.9 | mutation (K670M/N671L) K670M N671L and the human presenilin 1 (PS1) PS1 carrying the mutation (M146L) M146L under the control of the |
| 11801 | THY1 | Thy-1 cell surface antigen | Thy1 | 0.3 | the mutation (M146L) M146L under the control of the murine Thy1 promoter were generated on the B6D2F1 genetic background in our |
| 620 | APP | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (peptidase nexin-II, Alzheimer disease) | APP | 0.6 | mice were crossed to generate mice carrying both transgenes (APP/PS1) APP PS1 |
| 9508 | PSEN1 | presenilin 1 (Alzheimer disease 3) | PS1 | 0.9 | were crossed to generate mice carrying both transgenes (APP/PS1) APP PS1 |
| 2527 | CTSB | cathepsin B | CATB | 1.0 | Second with recombinant mouse cathepsin B (CATB) CATB and cathepsin L (CATL) CATL (both both R_amp_#x26 D Systems |
| 2537 | CTSL1 | cathepsin L1 | CATL | 1.3 | recombinant mouse cathepsin B (CATB) CATB and cathepsin L (CATL) CATL (both both R_amp_#x26 D Systems loaded membranes were incubated with |
| 2527 | CTSB | cathepsin B | CATB | 1.0 | the reaction was followed in the presence of the specific CATB inhibitor CA-074 (1_amp_#xa0;_amp_#x3bc;M, 1_amp_#xa0 _amp_#x3bc M Bachem Weil am Rhein |
| 2527 | CTSB | cathepsin B | CATB | 1.0 | E-64 (5_amp_#xa0;_amp_#x3bc;M, 5_amp_#xa0 _amp_#x3bc M Sigma in order to inactivate CATB which is also able to hydrolyze the substrate at these |
| 3146 | ECE1 | endothelin converting enzyme 1 | ECE-1 | 0.5 | Cathepsin L cathepsin S as well as ECE-1 activity could be excluded (data data not shown |
| 2527 | CTSB | cathepsin B | CATB | 1.0 | calculated as the difference between the resulting fluorescence measured with CATB inhibitor and with E-64 |
| 620 | APP | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (peptidase nexin-II, Alzheimer disease) | amyloid | 1.3 | The presence of amyloid plaques in APP/PS1 APP PS1 transgenic mice and AD tissues |
| 620 | APP | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (peptidase nexin-II, Alzheimer disease) | APP | 0.6 | The presence of amyloid plaques in APP/PS1 APP PS1 transgenic mice and AD tissues was confirmed using thioflavine |
| 9508 | PSEN1 | presenilin 1 (Alzheimer disease 3) | PS1 | 0.9 | The presence of amyloid plaques in APP/PS1 APP PS1 transgenic mice and AD tissues was confirmed using thioflavine S |
| 6149 | ITGAM | integrin, alpha M (complement component 3 receptor 3 subunit) | CD11b | 1.0 | form of CATX the microglia/macrophage microglia macrophage marker rat anti-mouse CD11b (anti-CD11b; anti-CD11b 1 50 alpha chain of a leukocyte-associated protein |
| 4235 | GFAP | glial fibrillary acidic protein | GFAP | 2.5 | a large number of cells expressing CATX and the astrocyte-marker GFAP ( Figs 4 B_amp_#x2013 B_amp_#x2033 or the microglial marker CD11b |
| 6149 | ITGAM | integrin, alpha M (complement component 3 receptor 3 subunit) | CD11b | 1.0 | GFAP ( Figs 4 B_amp_#x2013 B_amp_#x2033 or the microglial marker CD11b ( Figs 4 C_amp_#x2013 C_amp_#x2033 |
| 4235 | GFAP | glial fibrillary acidic protein | GFAP | 2.5 | The number of CATX(+) CATX cells expressing GFAP or CD11b was substantially increased in aged mice |
| 6149 | ITGAM | integrin, alpha M (complement component 3 receptor 3 subunit) | CD11b | 1.0 | The number of CATX(+) CATX cells expressing GFAP or CD11b was substantially increased in aged mice |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD1 | 2.4 | blot analysis the first changes of CATX immunostaining in the SOD1 transgenics were notable at the age of 3_amp_#xa0 months a |
| 620 | APP | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (peptidase nexin-II, Alzheimer disease) | APP | 0.6 | APP/PS1 APP PS1 and human AD tissue |
| 9508 | PSEN1 | presenilin 1 (Alzheimer disease 3) | PS1 | 0.9 | APP/PS1 APP PS1 and human AD tissue |
| 620 | APP | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (peptidase nexin-II, Alzheimer disease) | APP | 0.6 | At the age of 9_amp_#xa0 months mice overexpressing both mutant APP and mutant presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) APP PS1 showed numerous thioflavine |
| 620 | APP | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (peptidase nexin-II, Alzheimer disease) | APP | 0.6 | mice overexpressing both mutant APP and mutant presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) APP PS1 showed numerous thioflavine S-positive plaques in the cerebral cortex |
| 9508 | PSEN1 | presenilin 1 (Alzheimer disease 3) | PS1 | 0.9 | overexpressing both mutant APP and mutant presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) APP PS1 showed numerous thioflavine S-positive plaques in the cerebral cortex and |
| 620 | APP | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (peptidase nexin-II, Alzheimer disease) | APP | 0.6 | In coincidence with the brain of APP/PS1 APP PS1 mice thioflavine S(+) S plaques were surrounded by CATX-loaded |
| 9508 | PSEN1 | presenilin 1 (Alzheimer disease 3) | PS1 | 0.9 | In coincidence with the brain of APP/PS1 APP PS1 mice thioflavine S(+) S plaques were surrounded by CATX-loaded cells |
| 620 | APP | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (peptidase nexin-II, Alzheimer disease) | APP | 0.6 | mouse and (v) v associated with plaques in the APP/PS1 APP PS1 transgenic mouse and human AD cerebral cortex |
| 9508 | PSEN1 | presenilin 1 (Alzheimer disease 3) | PS1 | 0.9 | and (v) v associated with plaques in the APP/PS1 APP PS1 transgenic mouse and human AD cerebral cortex |
| 2530 | CTSE | cathepsin E | CATE | 1.3 | add another enzyme to the group of cathepsins containing CATD CATE and CATB ( Kenessey et al. 1989 Banay-Schwartz et al. |
| 2527 | CTSB | cathepsin B | CATB | 1.0 | enzyme to the group of cathepsins containing CATD CATE and CATB ( Kenessey et al. 1989 Banay-Schwartz et al. 1992 Nakanishi |
| 620 | APP | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (peptidase nexin-II, Alzheimer disease) | APP | 0.6 | transgenic mouse model SOD1-G93A and around senile plaques of APP/PS1 APP PS1 transgenics and AD patients |
| 9508 | PSEN1 | presenilin 1 (Alzheimer disease 3) | PS1 | 0.9 | mouse model SOD1-G93A and around senile plaques of APP/PS1 APP PS1 transgenics and AD patients |
| 2527 | CTSB | cathepsin B | CATB | 1.0 | in line with the plaque-associated deposition of other cathepsins like CATB CATD and CATS ( Cataldo and Nixon 1990 Bernstein et |
| 2527 | CTSB | cathepsin B | CATB | 1.0 | reports showing a strong interaction of several cathepsins such as CATB CATL and CATD with inflammatory factors ( Bever et al. |
| 2537 | CTSL1 | cathepsin L1 | CATL | 1.3 | showing a strong interaction of several cathepsins such as CATB CATL and CATD with inflammatory factors ( Bever et al. 1989 |
| 2537 | CTSL1 | cathepsin L1 | CATL | 1.3 | Schmid et al. 2002 and a role of CATS and CATL in antigen presentation ( Villadangos et al. 1997 Nakagawa et |
| 7762 | NEUROD1 | neurogenic differentiation 1 | beta2 | 1.0 | Via an interaction with beta2 integrins ( Obermajer et al. 2006 it might influence cell |
| 4235 | GFAP | glial fibrillary acidic protein | GFAP | 2.5 | with the neuron-marker NeuN (A, A A_amp_#x2032 A_amp_#x2033 the astrocyte-marker GFAP (B, B B_amp_#x2032 B_amp_#x2033 and the microglia-marker CD11b (C, C |
| 6149 | ITGAM | integrin, alpha M (complement component 3 receptor 3 subunit) | CD11b | 1.0 | the astrocyte-marker GFAP (B, B B_amp_#x2032 B_amp_#x2033 and the microglia-marker CD11b (C, C C_amp_#x2032 C_amp_#x2033 |
| 620 | APP | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (peptidase nexin-II, Alzheimer disease) | APP | 0.6 | Fig 8._amp_#xa0 CATX expression in APP/PS1 APP PS1 bigenic mice and Alzheimer patients |
| 9508 | PSEN1 | presenilin 1 (Alzheimer disease 3) | PS1 | 0.9 | Fig 8._amp_#xa0 CATX expression in APP/PS1 APP PS1 bigenic mice and Alzheimer patients |
| 620 | APP | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (peptidase nexin-II, Alzheimer disease) | APP | 0.6 | (A_amp_#x2013;D) A_amp_#x2013 D APP/PS1 APP PS1 bigenic animals |
| 9508 | PSEN1 | presenilin 1 (Alzheimer disease 3) | PS1 | 0.9 | (A_amp_#x2013;D) A_amp_#x2013 D APP/PS1 APP PS1 bigenic animals |
| 620 | APP | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (peptidase nexin-II, Alzheimer disease) | amyloid | 1.3 | A A_amp_#x2032 Thioflavine and CATX staining of an amyloid plaque in the cerebral cortex of a 9-month-old APP/PS1 APP |
| 620 | APP | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (peptidase nexin-II, Alzheimer disease) | APP | 0.6 | amyloid plaque in the cerebral cortex of a 9-month-old APP/PS1 APP PS1 bigenic animal |
| 9508 | PSEN1 | presenilin 1 (Alzheimer disease 3) | PS1 | 0.9 | plaque in the cerebral cortex of a 9-month-old APP/PS1 APP PS1 bigenic animal |
| 2536 | CTSK | cathepsin K | cathepsin x | 1.0 | in the present study we analyzed the regional cellular and subcellular localization and the activity of the recently discovered cathepsin x in the normal developing and pathological mouse brain. |
| 2536 | CTSK | cathepsin K | cathepsin x | 1.0 | these results strongly suggest that cathepsin x is an important player in degenerative processes during normal aging and in pathological conditions. |
| 10417 | RPS27A | ribosomal protein S27a | ubiquitin | 1.0 | all cells are dependent on the two major proteolytic systems within cells the ubiquitin proteasome and the lysosomal system to control the stability function and intracellular localization of a wide variety of proteins rivett 1990 and bohley 1995 . |
| 2536 | CTSK | cathepsin K | cathepsin x | 1.0 | cathepsin x catx; synonyms y z p is one of the more recently identified lysosomal cysteine proteases n_amp_#xe4;gler and m_amp_#xe9;nard 1998 . |
| 9508 | PSEN1 | presenilin 1 (Alzheimer disease 3) | presenilin 1 | 1.0 | transgenic mice expressing the human amyloid precursor protein app with the swedish mutation k670m/n671l and the human presenilin 1 ps1 carrying the mutation m146l under the control of the murine thy1 promoter were generated on the b6d2f1 genetic background in our department. |
| 2527 | CTSB | cathepsin B | cathepsin b | 1.0 | second with recombinant mouse cathepsin b catb and cathepsin l catl both r_amp_#x26;d systems loaded membranes were incubated with goat anti mouse catx as primary antibody. |
| 2537 | CTSL1 | cathepsin L1 | cathepsin l | 1.0 | second with recombinant mouse cathepsin b catb and cathepsin l catl both r_amp_#x26;d systems loaded membranes were incubated with goat anti mouse catx as primary antibody. |
| 1509 | CASP8 | caspase 8, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase | cysteine protease | 1.0 | in parallel assays the reaction was followed in the presence of the specific catb inhibitor ca 074 1_amp_#xa0;_amp_#x3bc;m bachem weil am rhein germany and the non specific cysteine protease inhibitor e 64 5_amp_#xa0;_amp_#x3bc;m sigma in order to inactivate catb which is also able to hydrolyze the substrate at these conditions and to evaluate the total cysteine protease activity. |
| 1509 | CASP8 | caspase 8, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase | cysteine protease | 1.0 | inhibitor e 64 5_amp_#xa0;_amp_#x3bc;m sigma in order to inactivate catb which is also able to hydrolyze the substrate at these conditions and to evaluate the total cysteine protease activity. |
| 2537 | CTSL1 | cathepsin L1 | cathepsin l | 1.0 | cathepsin l cathepsin s as well as ece 1 activity could be excluded data not shown . |
| 2545 | CTSS | cathepsin S | cathepsin s | 1.0 | cathepsin l cathepsin s as well as ece 1 activity could be excluded data not shown . |
| 2527 | CTSB | cathepsin B | cathepsin b | 1.0 | the relation of ca 074 to the non inhibited fraction is adequate to cathepsin b activity. |
| 4235 | GFAP | glial fibrillary acidic protein | glial fibrillary acidic protein | 1.0 | form proform and mature form of catx the microglia/macrophage marker rat anti mouse cd11b anti cd11b; 1:50; alpha chain of a leukocyte associated protein; serotec the astrocyte marker rabbit anti cow glial fibrillary acidic protein anti gfap; 1:2500; acris and the neuronal marker mouse anti mouse neun 1:700; chemicon hampshire uk . |
| 9508 | PSEN1 | presenilin 1 (Alzheimer disease 3) | presenilin 1 | 1.0 | at the age of 9_amp_#xa0;months mice overexpressing both mutant app and mutant presenilin 1 app/ps1 showed numerous thioflavine s positive plaques in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus and this plaque load increased substantially with age data not shown . |
| 2536 | CTSK | cathepsin K | cathepsin x | 1.0 | in the present study we characterized the regional and cellular expression as well as the activity of the recently discovered lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsin x in the normal developing and pathological nervous system of the c57bl/6 mouse. |
| 1509 | CASP8 | caspase 8, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase | cysteine protease | 1.0 | in the present study we characterized the regional and cellular expression as well as the activity of the recently discovered lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsin x in the normal developing and pathological nervous system of the c57bl/6 mouse. |
| 620 | APP | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (peptidase nexin-II, Alzheimer disease) | amyloid beta protein | 1.0 | amyloid beta protein precursor|nerve tissue proteins|presenilin 1|sod1 g93a protein|superoxide dismutase|cathepsins| |