)| PMID |
16647138 ( ) |
|---|---|
| Title | Cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and epoxygenases in CNS: their role and involvement in neurological disorders. |
| Abstract | Three enzyme systems, cyclooxygenases that generate prostaglandins, lipoxygenases that form hydroxy derivatives and leukotrienes, and epoxygenases that give rise to epoxyeicosatrienoic products, metabolize arachidonic acid after its release from neural membrane phospholipids by the action of phospholipase A(2). Lysophospholipids, the other products of phospholipase A(2) reactions, are either reacylated or metabolized to platelet-activating factor. Under normal conditions, these metabolites play important roles in synaptic function, cerebral blood flow regulation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and gene expression. Increased activities of cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and epoxygenases under pathological situations such as ischemia, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease produce neuroinflammation involving vasodilation and vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, leukocyte chemotaxis and release of cytokines, and oxidative stress. These are closely associated with the neural cell injury which occurs in these neurological conditions. The metabolic products of docosahexaenoic acid, through these enzymes, generate a new class of lipid mediators, namely docosatrienes and resolvins. These metabolites antagonize the effect of metabolites derived from arachidonic acid. Recent studies provide insight into how these arachidonic acid metabolites interact with each other and other bioactive mediators such as platelet-activating factor, endocannabinoids, and docosatrienes under normal and pathological conditions. Here, we review present knowledge of the functions of cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and epoxygenases in brain and their association with neurodegenerative diseases. Detroit, MI 48201, USA. jphillis@med.wayne.edu |
NOTE: Color highlight is limited to the abstract and SciMiner text-mining mode. If you see much more identified targets below from "Targets by SciMiner Summary" and "Targets by SciMiner Full list", they may have been identified from the full text.
Targets by SciMiner Summary
| HUGO ID | Symbol | Target Name | #Occur | ActualStr |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | 477 | hcox 2 | COX-2-synthesized | COX-2-induced | cox 2 | COX-2-deficient | COX-2-generated | COX-2-mediated | COX-isozyme-deficient | hCOX-2 | |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 78 | 5 lox | 5-LOX-mediated | |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | 72 | LOX | LOX- | LOX-generated | |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 71 | 12-LOX | 12 lipoxygenase | arachidonate 12 lipoxygenase | 12 lox | |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | 66 | COX-1 | |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | 55 | EPOX-derived | EPOX-mediated | EPOX-generated | EPOX-catalyzed | |
| 7422 | MT-CO3 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III | 30 | COX-3 | COX3 | |
| 2615 | CYP2B6 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily B, polypeptide 6 | 20 | P450 | |
| 9593 | PTGER1 | prostaglandin E receptor 1 (subtype EP1), 42kDa | 19 | EP1 | |
| 11609 | TBXAS1 | thromboxane A synthase 1 (platelet, cytochrome P450, family 5, subfamily A) | 16 | cytochrome p450 | |
| 9594 | PTGER2 | prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2), 53kDa | 13 | EP2-like | EP2-deficient | |
| 8893 | PGF | placental growth factor | 12 | PGF | |
| 8975 | PIK3CA | phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic, alpha polypeptide | 9 | phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase | PI3-kinase | pi3 kinase | |
| 403 | ALDH3A2 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A2 | 8 | fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase | SLS | |
| 9595 | PTGER3 | prostaglandin E receptor 3 (subtype EP3) | 7 | EP3-deficient | |
| 9449 | PRNP | prion protein (p27-30) (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann-Strausler-Scheinker syndrome, fatal familial insomnia) | 7 | PrP | prion protein prp | |
| 4571 | GRIA1 | glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA 1 | 7 | glutamate receptor | |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | 7 | SOD1 | SOD | superoxide dismutase | |
| 9596 | PTGER4 | prostaglandin E receptor 4 (subtype EP4) | 6 | EP4 | |
| 620 | APP | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (peptidase nexin-II, Alzheimer disease) | 5 | amyloid | |
| 9065 | PLCG1 | phospholipase C, gamma 1 | 5 | PLC | |
| 2294 | COX8A | cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A (ubiquitous) | 5 | COX-2-derived | COX-1-deficient | |
| 8574 | PAFAH1B1 | platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, isoform Ib, alpha subunit 45kDa | 5 | MDS | LIS-1 | |
| 7876 | NOS3 | nitric oxide synthase 3 (endothelial cell) | 4 | endothelial nitric oxide synthase | eNOS | |
| 11742 | TFAP2A | transcription factor AP-2 alpha (activating enhancer binding protein 2 alpha) | 4 | Ap-2 | AP-2 | ap 2 | |
| 2159 | CNR1 | cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain) | 4 | cannabinoid receptor 1 | CB1 | |
| 391 | AKT1 | v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 | 3 | Akt | |
| 3553 | FAAH | fatty acid amide hydrolase | 3 | FAAH | fatty acid amide hydrolase | |
| 7873 | NOS2A | nitric oxide synthase 2A (inducible, hepatocytes) | 3 | NOS | nitric oxide synthase | iNOS-derived | |
| 5973 | IL13 | interleukin 13 | 3 | il 13 | IL-13 | |
| 6018 | IL6 | interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2) | 3 | IL-6 | il 6 | |
| 9393 | PRKCA | protein kinase C, alpha | 3 | protein kinase c | |
| 2634 | CYP2J2 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily J, polypeptide 2 | 2 | arachidonic acid epoxygenase | |
| 26780 | DAND5 | DAN domain family, member 5 | 2 | Sp-1 | |
| 4170 | GATA1 | GATA binding protein 1 (globin transcription factor 1) | 2 | GATA-1 | |
| 1504 | CASP3 | caspase 3, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase | 2 | caspase 3 | |
| 5962 | IL10 | interleukin 10 | 2 | IL-10 | il 10 | |
| 9040 | PLA2G7 | phospholipase A2, group VII (platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, plasma) | 2 | platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase | |
| 6014 | IL4 | interleukin 4 | 2 | IL-4 | il 4 | |
| 4566 | GRB2 | growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 | 2 | Grb2 | growth factor receptor bound protein 2 | |
| 6896 | MARK1 | MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 1 | 2 | MARK | |
| 436 | ALOX5AP | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein | 2 | FLAP | |
| 9717 | PXMP3 | peroxisomal membrane protein 3, 35kDa (Zellweger syndrome) | 1 | paf 1 | |
| 9388 | PRKAR1A | protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type I, alpha (tissue specific extinguisher 1) | 1 | camp dependent protein kinase | |
| 6871 | MAPK1 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 | 1 | MAP | |
| 2623 | CYP2C9 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 9 | 1 | CYP2C9 | |
| 4326 | GLRA1 | glycine receptor, alpha 1 | 1 | glycine receptor | |
| 11765 | TGFA | transforming growth factor, alpha | 1 | transforming growth factor | |
| 17513 | HOMER2 | homer homolog 2 (Drosophila) | 1 | ACPD | |
| 9391 | PRKAR2A | protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, alpha | 1 | protein kinase a | |
| 7978 | NR3C1 | nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 (glucocorticoid receptor) | 1 | glucocorticoid receptor | |
| 6872 | MAPK10 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 | 1 | map kinase | |
| 800 | ATP1A2 | ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 2 (+) polypeptide | 1 | sodium potassium atpase | |
| 14121 | POLR3K | polymerase (RNA) III (DNA directed) polypeptide K, 12.3 kDa | 1 | C-11 | |
| 11892 | TNF | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) | 1 | tumor necrosis factor | |
| 3493 | ETV4 | ets variant gene 4 (E1A enhancer binding protein, E1AF) | 1 | PEA-3 | |
| 4553 | GPX1 | glutathione peroxidase 1 | 1 | cellular glutathione peroxidase | |
| 15917 | PLCB1 | phospholipase C, beta 1 (phosphoinositide-specific) | 1 | phospholipase c | |
| 21285 | ADCY10 | adenylate cyclase 10 (soluble) | 1 | adenylate cyclase | |
Targets by SciMiner Full list
| HUGO ID | Symbol | Name | ActualStr | Score | FlankingText |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | Thus cyclooxygenases (COX), COX lipoxygenases (LOX), LOX and epoxygenases (EPOX) EPOX metabolize AA to |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | Thus cyclooxygenases (COX), COX lipoxygenases (LOX), LOX and epoxygenases (EPOX) EPOX metabolize AA to prostaglandins thromboxanes leukotrienes |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | Thus cyclooxygenases (COX), COX lipoxygenases (LOX), LOX and epoxygenases (EPOX) EPOX metabolize AA to prostaglandins thromboxanes leukotrienes and epoxyeicosatrienoic acid respectively |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | In contrast COX and LOX metabolize DHA to resolvins docosatrienes and neuroprotectins |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | In contrast COX and LOX metabolize DHA to resolvins docosatrienes and neuroprotectins |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | and non-neural tissues express several different isoforms of PLA 2 COX and LOX under normal or stimulated situations ( Kis et |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | tissues express several different isoforms of PLA 2 COX and LOX under normal or stimulated situations ( Kis et al. 2003 |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | How the isoforms of PLA 2 COX and LOX enzymes interact with each other remains to be |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | How the isoforms of PLA 2 COX and LOX enzymes interact with each other remains to be elucidated |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | Eicosanoid synthesis through COX and LOX enzymes may involve different AA substrate pools and |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | Eicosanoid synthesis through COX and LOX enzymes may involve different AA substrate pools and may be |
| 9065 | PLCG1 | phospholipase C, gamma 1 | PLC | 0.6 | and is involved in stimulation and modulation of PLA 2 PLC and PLD and COX activities |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | stimulation and modulation of PLA 2 PLC and PLD and COX activities |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | In addition to the abovementioned lipid mediators COX LOX and EPOX-catalyzed reactions also produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | In addition to the abovementioned lipid mediators COX LOX and EPOX-catalyzed reactions also produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) ROS |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX-catalyzed | 1.6 | In addition to the abovementioned lipid mediators COX LOX and EPOX-catalyzed reactions also produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) ROS |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | summarize studies on the multiplicity properties regulation and roles of COX LOX and EPOX in brain tissue |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | studies on the multiplicity properties regulation and roles of COX LOX and EPOX in brain tissue |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | the multiplicity properties regulation and roles of COX LOX and EPOX in brain tissue |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | this discussion would initiate more studies on the importance of COX LOX EPOX and their lipid mediators in neurological disorders |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | discussion would initiate more studies on the importance of COX LOX EPOX and their lipid mediators in neurological disorders |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | would initiate more studies on the importance of COX LOX EPOX and their lipid mediators in neurological disorders |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | The inhibition of COX LOX and EPOX activities may provide an attractive approach for |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | The inhibition of COX LOX and EPOX activities may provide an attractive approach for designing |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | The inhibition of COX LOX and EPOX activities may provide an attractive approach for designing novel drugs |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | Cyclooxygenases (COX) COX |
| 8893 | PGF | placental growth factor | PGF | 0.6 | 2 whereas constrictor prostanoids include thromboxane (TXA TXA 2 and PGF 2_amp_#x3b1 |
| 8893 | PGF | placental growth factor | PGF | 0.6 | In human brain PGF 2_amp_#x3b1 is the most abundant prostanoid followed by PGE 2 |
| 14121 | POLR3K | polymerase (RNA) III (DNA directed) polypeptide K, 12.3 kDa | C-11 | 0.6 | Detailed mechanistic studies revealed a carbon-centered pentadienyl radical at C-11 and a carbon-centered radical at C-8 as the two radical |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | PGG 2 to generate a radical intermediate that begins the COX reaction ( Jiang et al. 2004 |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | Three forms of COX enzymes designated as COX-1 COX-2 and COX-3 occur in mammalian |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | Three forms of COX enzymes designated as COX-1 COX-2 and COX-3 occur in mammalian tissues |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Three forms of COX enzymes designated as COX-1 COX-2 and COX-3 occur in mammalian tissues |
| 7422 | MT-CO3 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III | COX3 | 0.6 | Three forms of COX enzymes designated as COX-1 COX-2 and COX-3 occur in mammalian tissues |
| 7422 | MT-CO3 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III | COX-3 | 4.6 | Three forms of COX enzymes designated as COX-1 COX-2 and COX-3 occur in mammalian tissues |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | COX-1 is a constitutively expressed in brain tissue and is responsible |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | such as cytokines growth factors and bacterial endotoxin rapidly induce COX-2 which is normally undetectable in healthy tissues |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | COX-2 is constitutively expressed in the kidney stomach and brain ( |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | COX-1 and COX-2 are homodimers |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | COX-1 and COX-2 are homodimers |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | COX-1 and COX-2 are homodimers |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | COX-1 contains Val at the 434 and 523 positions whereas COX-2 |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | COX-1 contains Val at the 434 and 523 positions whereas COX-2 has Ile at positions 434 and 523 |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | larger and more flexible substrate and inhibitor binding sites in COX-2 than in COX-1 ( Kurumbail et al. 1996 |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | flexible substrate and inhibitor binding sites in COX-2 than in COX-1 ( Kurumbail et al. 1996 |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | The amino acid sequences of COX-1 and COX-2 also differ from each other at the N- |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | The amino acid sequences of COX-1 and COX-2 also differ from each other at the N- |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | The amino acid sequences of COX-1 and COX-2 also differ from each other at the N- and C-termini |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | COX-2 lacks a 17 amino acid sequence at the N-terminus but |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Thus the active site of COX-2 is larger and more accommodating than that of COX-1 and |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | of COX-2 is larger and more accommodating than that of COX-1 and COX-1 displays negative allosterism at low concentrations of AA |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | of COX-2 is larger and more accommodating than that of COX-1 and COX-1 displays negative allosterism at low concentrations of AA |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | is larger and more accommodating than that of COX-1 and COX-1 displays negative allosterism at low concentrations of AA |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | This property may be responsible for greater eicosanoid production by COX-2 when the AA concentration is low ( Smith et al. |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | AA is the preferred substrate for COX-1 and COX-2 |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | AA is the preferred substrate for COX-1 and COX-2 |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | AA is the preferred substrate for COX-1 and COX-2 |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | The action of COX enzymes on eicosapentaenoic acid generates the 3-series of prostaglandins and |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | All isoforms of COX enzymes have been cloned ( DeWitt and Smith 1988 and |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | The COX-2 gene is 8.3 kb whereas the COX-1 gene is much |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | The COX-2 gene is 8.3 kb whereas the COX-1 gene is much larger (22 22 kb ( Vane et |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | COX-1 mRNA is approximately 2.8 kb while COX-2 mRNA is approximately |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | COX-1 mRNA is approximately 2.8 kb while COX-2 mRNA is approximately 4.0 kb |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | Analysis of the 5_amp_#x2032 -flanking untranslated regions of COX-1 and COX-2 indicates that the COX-1 gene is associated with |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Analysis of the 5_amp_#x2032 -flanking untranslated regions of COX-1 and COX-2 indicates that the COX-1 gene is associated with |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Analysis of the 5_amp_#x2032 -flanking untranslated regions of COX-1 and COX-2 indicates that the COX-1 gene is associated with housekeeping activities |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | -flanking untranslated regions of COX-1 and COX-2 indicates that the COX-1 gene is associated with housekeeping activities whereas the COX-2 gene |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | the COX-1 gene is associated with housekeeping activities whereas the COX-2 gene is involved in response-related activities |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | The 5_amp_#x2032 -flanking region of the COX-2 gene has a TATA box 30 base pairs upstream from |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | Tazawa et al. 1994 whereas the same region in the COX-1 gene has no canonic TATA box ( Wu 1995 |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | The COX-2 gene also contains a number of putative regulatory sites including |
| 6018 | IL6 | interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2) | IL-6 | 1.3 | of putative regulatory sites including the cyclic AMP response element IL-6 response element AP-2 nuclear factor-_amp_#x3ba B (NF-_amp_#x3ba;B), NF-_amp_#x3ba B Sp-1 |
| 11742 | TFAP2A | transcription factor AP-2 alpha (activating enhancer binding protein 2 alpha) | AP-2 | 1.6 | sites including the cyclic AMP response element IL-6 response element AP-2 nuclear factor-_amp_#x3ba B (NF-_amp_#x3ba;B), NF-_amp_#x3ba B Sp-1 PEA-3 GATA-1 and |
| 26780 | DAND5 | DAN domain family, member 5 | Sp-1 | 0.6 | IL-6 response element AP-2 nuclear factor-_amp_#x3ba B (NF-_amp_#x3ba;B), NF-_amp_#x3ba B Sp-1 PEA-3 GATA-1 and glucocorticoid response element ( Wu 1995 |
| 3493 | ETV4 | ets variant gene 4 (E1A enhancer binding protein, E1AF) | PEA-3 | 0.6 | response element AP-2 nuclear factor-_amp_#x3ba B (NF-_amp_#x3ba;B), NF-_amp_#x3ba B Sp-1 PEA-3 GATA-1 and glucocorticoid response element ( Wu 1995 |
| 4170 | GATA1 | GATA binding protein 1 (globin transcription factor 1) | GATA-1 | 0.6 | element AP-2 nuclear factor-_amp_#x3ba B (NF-_amp_#x3ba;B), NF-_amp_#x3ba B Sp-1 PEA-3 GATA-1 and glucocorticoid response element ( Wu 1995 |
| 6014 | IL4 | interleukin 4 | IL-4 | 1.3 | Thus factors that inhibit NF-_amp_#x3ba B activity such as IL-4 IL-10 and IL-13 can specifically inhibit COX-2 upregulation |
| 5962 | IL10 | interleukin 10 | IL-10 | 1.3 | Thus factors that inhibit NF-_amp_#x3ba B activity such as IL-4 IL-10 and IL-13 can specifically inhibit COX-2 upregulation |
| 5973 | IL13 | interleukin 13 | IL-13 | 1.3 | Thus factors that inhibit NF-_amp_#x3ba B activity such as IL-4 IL-10 and IL-13 can specifically inhibit COX-2 upregulation |
| 5973 | IL13 | interleukin 13 | IL-13 | 1.3 | that inhibit NF-_amp_#x3ba B activity such as IL-4 IL-10 and IL-13 can specifically inhibit COX-2 upregulation |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | activity such as IL-4 IL-10 and IL-13 can specifically inhibit COX-2 upregulation |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | The COX-1 gene also has some putative regulatory sites such as Sp-1 |
| 26780 | DAND5 | DAN domain family, member 5 | Sp-1 | 0.6 | COX-1 gene also has some putative regulatory sites such as Sp-1 Ap-2 NF-IL-6 GATA-1 and a shear-stress response element but the |
| 11742 | TFAP2A | transcription factor AP-2 alpha (activating enhancer binding protein 2 alpha) | Ap-2 | 1.6 | gene also has some putative regulatory sites such as Sp-1 Ap-2 NF-IL-6 GATA-1 and a shear-stress response element but the location |
| 4170 | GATA1 | GATA binding protein 1 (globin transcription factor 1) | GATA-1 | 0.6 | has some putative regulatory sites such as Sp-1 Ap-2 NF-IL-6 GATA-1 and a shear-stress response element but the location of these |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | location of these sites differs considerably from those in the COX-2 gene |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | COX-1 does not respond to NF-_amp_#x3ba B as intensely as COX-2 |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | COX-1 does not respond to NF-_amp_#x3ba B as intensely as COX-2 |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | In rat and ovine brain COX-1 and COX-2 immunoreactivities are present in discrete neuronal populations distributed |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | In rat and ovine brain COX-1 and COX-2 immunoreactivities are present in discrete neuronal populations distributed |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | In rat and ovine brain COX-1 and COX-2 immunoreactivities are present in discrete neuronal populations distributed in distinct |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | COX-1 immunoreactivity is enriched in midbrain pons and medulla ( Breder |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | midbrain pons and medulla ( Breder et al. 1995 whereas COX-2 immunoreactivity prevails in neurons and glial cells of hippocampus hypothalamus |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | In neurons astrocytes and microglial cells COX-2 immunoreactivity is localized to the perinuclear regions ( Tomimoto et |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | The expression of COX-2 is markedly increased in microglial cells after intraperitoneal administration of |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | cells after intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS whereas neuronal COX-2 remains unchanged ( Elmquist et al. 1997 |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | In microglial cells COX-2 expression and ability to release PGE 2 TXA 2 and |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | COX-2 induction in microglia by proinflammatory stimuli is apparently similar to |
| 7422 | MT-CO3 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III | COX-3 | 4.6 | COX-3 is a new acetaminophen-sensitive isoform of the COX family |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | COX-3 is a new acetaminophen-sensitive isoform of the COX family |
| 7422 | MT-CO3 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III | COX-3 | 4.6 | Although different pharmacological properties have been described for COX-3 compared with COX-1 or COX-2 enzymes many investigators consider it |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | different pharmacological properties have been described for COX-3 compared with COX-1 or COX-2 enzymes many investigators consider it to be a |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | properties have been described for COX-3 compared with COX-1 or COX-2 enzymes many investigators consider it to be a splice variant |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | many investigators consider it to be a splice variant of COX-1 ( Chandrasekharan et al. 2002 and Davies et al. 2004 |
| 7422 | MT-CO3 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III | COX-3 | 4.6 | Thus COX-3 is a product of the COX-1 gene but retains intron |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | Thus COX-3 is a product of the COX-1 gene but retains intron 1 in its mRNA |
| 7422 | MT-CO3 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III | COX-3 | 4.6 | COX-3 is a glycoprotein |
| 7422 | MT-CO3 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III | COX-3 | 4.6 | Comparison of canine COX-3 activity with murine COX-1 and COX-2 demonstrates that analgesic/antipyretic analgesic |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | Comparison of canine COX-3 activity with murine COX-1 and COX-2 demonstrates that analgesic/antipyretic analgesic antipyretic drugs such as |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Comparison of canine COX-3 activity with murine COX-1 and COX-2 demonstrates that analgesic/antipyretic analgesic antipyretic drugs such as |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Comparison of canine COX-3 activity with murine COX-1 and COX-2 demonstrates that analgesic/antipyretic analgesic antipyretic drugs such as acetaminophen phenacetin |
| 7422 | MT-CO3 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III | COX-3 | 4.6 | drugs such as acetaminophen phenacetin antipyrine and dipyrone selectively inhibit COX-3 and some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs potently inhibit COX-3 |
| 7422 | MT-CO3 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III | COX-3 | 4.6 | selectively inhibit COX-3 and some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs potently inhibit COX-3 |
| 7422 | MT-CO3 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III | COX-3 | 4.6 | Thus inhibition of COX-3 could represent a primary central mechanism by which these drugs |
| 7422 | MT-CO3 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III | COX-3 | 4.6 | COX-3 mRNA expression is highest in choroid plexus and spinal cord |
| 7422 | MT-CO3 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III | COX-3 | 4.6 | COX-3 mRNA levels are also higher in major brain arteries and |
| 7422 | MT-CO3 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III | COX-3 | 4.6 | The expression pattern of COX-3 mRNA in the rat CNS primarily relates to the vascular |
| 7422 | MT-CO3 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III | COX-3 | 4.6 | The expression studies of COX-3 mRNA in primary cultures of neurons astrocytes endothelial cells pericytes |
| 7422 | MT-CO3 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III | COX-3 | 4.6 | pericytes and choroidal epithelial cells indicate that the mRNA of COX-3 is present in all of these cell types except neurons |
| 7422 | MT-CO3 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III | COX-3 | 4.6 | Cerebral endothelial cells showed the highest COX-3 expression ( Kis et al. 2003 |
| 7422 | MT-CO3 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III | COX-3 | 4.6 | COX-3 mRNA was cloned and sequenced from rat cerebral endothelial cells |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | Sequence analysis indicated that the 98-base-pair intron 1 of COX-1 gene remains unprocessed in COX-3 inducing a frameshift mutation and |
| 7422 | MT-CO3 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III | COX-3 | 4.6 | the 98-base-pair intron 1 of COX-1 gene remains unprocessed in COX-3 inducing a frameshift mutation and a 127-amino-acid open reading frame |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | a 127-amino-acid open reading frame with no sequence similarity with COX-2 ( Snipes et al. 2005 |
| 7422 | MT-CO3 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III | COX-3 | 4.6 | Rat COX-3 is a cytosolic glycoprotein |
| 7422 | MT-CO3 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III | COX-3 | 4.6 | Amino acid analysis also shows that COX-3 protein has a very basic character with a p I |
| 7422 | MT-CO3 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III | COX-3 | 4.6 | In addition to the abundance of basic amino acids the COX-3 protein is also very rich in proline (11.81%) 11.81% |
| 7422 | MT-CO3 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III | COX-3 | 4.6 | To determine the function of COX-3 COS-7 cells were transfected with COX-3 |
| 7422 | MT-CO3 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III | COX-3 | 4.6 | determine the function of COX-3 COS-7 cells were transfected with COX-3 |
| 7422 | MT-CO3 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III | COX-3 | 4.6 | by acetaminophen ( Snipes et al. 2005 suggesting that this COX-3 variant may not be involved in the generation of prostaglandins |
| 7422 | MT-CO3 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III | COX-3 | 4.6 | This is in contrast to the canine COX-3 which has COX activity |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | This is in contrast to the canine COX-3 which has COX activity |
| 7422 | MT-CO3 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III | COX-3 | 4.6 | Thus there are differences between rat and dog COX-3 proteins |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | COX genes may produce a number of splice variants some with |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | number of splice variants some with and others without any COX activity ( Kis et al. 2005 Simmons et al. 2005 |
| 7422 | MT-CO3 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III | COX-3 | 4.6 | Collectively these studies suggest that dogs possess a COX-3 splice variant with cyclooxygenase activity whereas rats have a COX-3 |
| 7422 | MT-CO3 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III | COX-3 | 4.6 | COX-3 splice variant with cyclooxygenase activity whereas rats have a COX-3 splice variant that lacks cyclooxygenase activity |
| 7422 | MT-CO3 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III | COX-3 | 4.6 | settled only when information on expression properties and roles of COX-3 variants in various mammalian species becomes available ( Table 1 |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | Lipoxygenases (LOX) LOX |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | at which they oxidize arachidonic acid characterizes the lipoxygenases (LOX) LOX |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | The biosynthesis of leukotrienes including 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), 5-HETE involves 5-LOX 12-LOX the most common LOX in the brain ( Hambrecht |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | biosynthesis of leukotrienes including 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), 5-HETE involves 5-LOX 12-LOX the most common LOX in the brain ( Hambrecht et |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), 5-HETE involves 5-LOX 12-LOX the most common LOX in the brain ( Hambrecht et al. 1987 with its |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | of affecting the cerebral circulation in a comparable manner to COX-1 and 2 pathways |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | of affecting the cerebral circulation in a comparable manner to COX-1 and 2 pathways |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | LOX are non-heme iron-containing dioxygenases that insert molecular oxygen into arachidonic |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | LOX have a molecular mass of 75 to 78 kDa |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | Like non-neural tissues three forms of LOX are present in the brain |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | They include 5-LOX 12-LOX and 15-LOX 12-LOX catalyzes the stereospecific incorporation of molecular |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | They include 5-LOX 12-LOX and 15-LOX 12-LOX catalyzes the stereospecific incorporation of molecular oxygen |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | They include 5-LOX 12-LOX and 15-LOX 12-LOX catalyzes the stereospecific incorporation of molecular oxygen into the C-12 |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | cellular glutathione peroxidase to 12-HETE ( Li et al. 1997 12-LOX has been cloned and characterized from rat brain ( Watanabe |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | 5-LOX and 15-LOX have also been sequenced from several non-neural sources |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | molecular mass of 78 kDa and share considerable homology with 5-LOX and 15-LOX from soybean |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | LOX also catalyze a dehydration reaction generating an unstable epoxide intermediate |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | 5-LOX is present in brain tissue and neural cells in the |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | Upon cell activation leading to leukotriene synthesis 5-LOX translocates from the cytoplasm to the nuclear envelope |
| 436 | ALOX5AP | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein | FLAP | 1.3 | This enzyme also requires FLAP a nuclear envelope-bound 18 kDa protein that acts as an |
| 436 | ALOX5AP | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein | FLAP | 1.3 | FLAP shows homology with LTC 4 synthase and other microsomal glutathione |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | other microsomal glutathione transferases but has no enzymic activity itself 5-LOX also contains an Src homology 3 (SH3) SH3 binding motif |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | binding motif which may be involved in the interaction of 5-LOX protein with growth-factor-receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) Grb2 ( Lepley et |
| 4566 | GRB2 | growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 | Grb2 | 0.9 | the interaction of 5-LOX protein with growth-factor-receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) Grb2 ( Lepley et al. 1996 |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | In cerebellar granule neurons dexamethasone a glucocorticoid increases 5-LOX mRNA and protein contents 3 h after treatment and this |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | glucocorticoid antagonist RU486 blocks the stimulatory effect of dexamethasone on 5-LOX expression indicating that dexamethasone increases 5-LOX expression in a glucocorticoid-receptor-dependent |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | effect of dexamethasone on 5-LOX expression indicating that dexamethasone increases 5-LOX expression in a glucocorticoid-receptor-dependent manner ( Uz et al. 2001 |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | These studies also indicate that dexamethasone increases the stability of 5-LOX mRNA |
| 2615 | CYP2B6 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily B, polypeptide 6 | P450 | 2.2 | Cytochrome P450 epoxygenases (EPOX) EPOX |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | Cytochrome P450 epoxygenases (EPOX) EPOX |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | In addition to the COX and LOX pathways the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) CYP450 pathways also |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | In addition to the COX and LOX pathways the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) CYP450 pathways also catalyze arachidonic |
| 2615 | CYP2B6 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily B, polypeptide 6 | P450 | 2.2 | In addition to the COX and LOX pathways the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) CYP450 pathways also catalyze arachidonic acid conversion to biologically |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | EPOX are enzymes that in the presence of NADPH and molecular |
| 2615 | CYP2B6 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily B, polypeptide 6 | P450 | 2.2 | Although the levels of various cytochrome P450 enzymes in brain are low it has been shown that |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | Recent in situ hybridization studies of EPOX mRNA have confirmed its localization in astrocytes specifically those situated |
| 2623 | CYP2C9 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 9 | CYP2C9 | 1.7 | In addition adenovirus-mediated CYP2C9 gene transfection and EPOX overexpression in endothelial cells result in |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | In addition adenovirus-mediated CYP2C9 gene transfection and EPOX overexpression in endothelial cells result in endothelial cell tube formation |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | endothelial cells result in endothelial cell tube formation by stimulating COX-2 expression and prostacyclin production ( Michaelis et al. 2005 |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | In endothelial cell cultures the overexpression of EPOX upregulates both endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) eNOS and PI3-kinase/Akt |
| 7876 | NOS3 | nitric oxide synthase 3 (endothelial cell) | eNOS | 2.2 | overexpression of EPOX upregulates both endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) eNOS and PI3-kinase/Akt PI3-kinase Akt pathways |
| 8975 | PIK3CA | phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic, alpha polypeptide | PI3-kinase | 0.3 | upregulates both endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) eNOS and PI3-kinase/Akt PI3-kinase Akt pathways |
| 391 | AKT1 | v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 | Akt | 0.3 | both endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) eNOS and PI3-kinase/Akt PI3-kinase Akt pathways |
| 7876 | NOS3 | nitric oxide synthase 3 (endothelial cell) | eNOS | 2.2 | Not only eNOS inhibitors but also PI3-kinase/Akt PI3-kinase Akt signaling pathway inhibitors can |
| 8975 | PIK3CA | phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic, alpha polypeptide | PI3-kinase | 0.3 | Not only eNOS inhibitors but also PI3-kinase/Akt PI3-kinase Akt signaling pathway inhibitors can prevent this upregulation by EPOX |
| 391 | AKT1 | v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 | Akt | 0.3 | Not only eNOS inhibitors but also PI3-kinase/Akt PI3-kinase Akt signaling pathway inhibitors can prevent this upregulation by EPOX |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | PI3-kinase Akt signaling pathway inhibitors can prevent this upregulation by EPOX |
| 7876 | NOS3 | nitric oxide synthase 3 (endothelial cell) | eNOS | 2.2 | This indicates that both eNOS and PI3-kinase/Akt PI3-kinase Akt pathways may mediate the angiogenic effects |
| 8975 | PIK3CA | phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic, alpha polypeptide | PI3-kinase | 0.3 | This indicates that both eNOS and PI3-kinase/Akt PI3-kinase Akt pathways may mediate the angiogenic effects of EETs ( |
| 391 | AKT1 | v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 | Akt | 0.3 | This indicates that both eNOS and PI3-kinase/Akt PI3-kinase Akt pathways may mediate the angiogenic effects of EETs ( Kawasaki |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | EPOX gene transfection activates the MARK pathway in endothelial cells |
| 6896 | MARK1 | MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 1 | MARK | 1.3 | EPOX gene transfection activates the MARK pathway in endothelial cells |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX-derived | 1.6 | Collectively these studies suggest that EPOX-derived EETs modulate angiogenesis via a nitric-oxide-dependent mechanism as well as |
| 8975 | PIK3CA | phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic, alpha polypeptide | PI3-kinase | 0.3 | via a nitric-oxide-dependent mechanism as well as via activation of PI3-kinase and MARK pathways ( Wang et al. 2003 and Wang |
| 6896 | MARK1 | MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 1 | MARK | 1.3 | nitric-oxide-dependent mechanism as well as via activation of PI3-kinase and MARK pathways ( Wang et al. 2003 and Wang et al. |
| 2615 | CYP2B6 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily B, polypeptide 6 | P450 | 2.2 | Studies on astroglial cytochrome P450 expression suggest a putative capacity of these enzymes to metabolize |
| 2615 | CYP2B6 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily B, polypeptide 6 | P450 | 2.2 | most active steroidogenic cells in the brain expressing neurosteroidogenic cytochrome P450 and producing various neurosteroids |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | Roles of COX LOX and EPOX in brain tissue |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | Roles of COX LOX and EPOX in brain tissue |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | Roles of COX LOX and EPOX in brain tissue |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | COX LOX and EPOX are important enzymes involved in the generation |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | COX LOX and EPOX are important enzymes involved in the generation of |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | COX LOX and EPOX are important enzymes involved in the generation of oxygenated derivatives |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | COX enzymes catalyze the conversion of AA into prostaglandins and thromboxanes |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | enzymes catalyze the conversion of AA into prostaglandins and thromboxanes LOX generates leukotrienes and lipoxins and EPOX activity produces epoxyeicosatrienoic acids |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | into prostaglandins and thromboxanes LOX generates leukotrienes and lipoxins and EPOX activity produces epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | to release AA metabolites by reactions catalyzed by PLA 2 COX LOX and EPOX depends upon not only on neural cell |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | release AA metabolites by reactions catalyzed by PLA 2 COX LOX and EPOX depends upon not only on neural cell type |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | metabolites by reactions catalyzed by PLA 2 COX LOX and EPOX depends upon not only on neural cell type but also |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | the generation of PGE 2 LTB 4 and PAF through COX-2 LOX and acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase reactions respectively |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | generation of PGE 2 LTB 4 and PAF through COX-2 LOX and acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase reactions respectively |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | PLA 2 COX-2 and LOX inhibitors have been used to treat acute inflammation |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | PLA 2 COX-2 and LOX inhibitors have been used to treat acute inflammation and pain |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | Involvement of COX and LOX in neurodegeneration |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | Involvement of COX and LOX in neurodegeneration |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | to neuronal degeneration by the activation of caspases PLA 2 COX and LOX resulting in apoptotic cell death |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | degeneration by the activation of caspases PLA 2 COX and LOX resulting in apoptotic cell death |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | supported by the observation that inhibitors of caspases PLA 2 COX and LOX block apoptosis ( Farooqui et al. 2004 Farooqui |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | the observation that inhibitors of caspases PLA 2 COX and LOX block apoptosis ( Farooqui et al. 2004 Farooqui and Horrocks |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | Collective evidence suggests that all isoforms of PLA 2 COX and LOX along with caspases are involved in apoptotic cell |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | evidence suggests that all isoforms of PLA 2 COX and LOX along with caspases are involved in apoptotic cell death |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | The stimulation of COX and LOX isoforms and oxidation of arachidonic acid is harmful |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | The stimulation of COX and LOX isoforms and oxidation of arachidonic acid is harmful to neurons |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | The action of 12-LOX produces lipid hydroperoxides |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | Involvement of COX and LOX in pain state |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | Involvement of COX and LOX in pain state |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | The action of COX enzymes on AA generates these metabolites |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | COX-1 and COX-2 play a central role in the induction of |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | COX-1 and COX-2 play a central role in the induction of |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | COX-1 and COX-2 play a central role in the induction of nociception produced |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | An increase in the expression of COX-2 activity accompanies the induction of nociception ( Svensson and Yaksh |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | COX-2 expression and its activity in neuropathic pain are controversial |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | COX-2 levels in the dorsal spinal cord increase following a L5/L6 |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Zhao et al. 2000 and intrathecal or local injections of COX-2 inhibitors prevent the development of nociception |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | In contrast only a very small change in spinal cord COX-2 mRNA and protein expression follows the spared nerve injury model |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | model of partial nerve injury in the rat and selective COX-2 inhibition does not alter the nociception |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | This indicates that COX-2 does not play a role in the development and maintenance |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2-generated | 0.3 | as well as peripheral nociceptive mechanisms and both mechanisms involve COX-2-generated metabolites |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-isozyme-deficient | 0.3 | (hot-plate) hot-plate and slowly developing diffuse pain (writhing) writhing with COX-isozyme-deficient mice indicate that COX-3 plays an important role in chronic |
| 7422 | MT-CO3 | mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III | COX-3 | 4.6 | developing diffuse pain (writhing) writhing with COX-isozyme-deficient mice indicate that COX-3 plays an important role in chronic pain and inflammation in |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | Collective evidence suggests that all isoforms of COX enzymes are involved in pain transmission processes in brain and |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | Involvement of COX and LOX in synaptic plasticity |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | Involvement of COX and LOX in synaptic plasticity |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic activity dynamically regulates the expression of the COX-2 gene in brain |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | the most abundant prostaglandins generated in the brain through COX-1/COX-2 COX-1 COX-2 pathways (PGE PGE 2 PGF 2a and PGD 2 |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | most abundant prostaglandins generated in the brain through COX-1/COX-2 COX-1 COX-2 pathways (PGE PGE 2 PGF 2a and PGD 2 are |
| 8893 | PGF | placental growth factor | PGF | 0.6 | the brain through COX-1/COX-2 COX-1 COX-2 pathways (PGE PGE 2 PGF 2a and PGD 2 are modulators of synaptic activity and |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | The observation that COX-2 inhibitors block the induction of LTP in hippocampal dentate granules |
| 8893 | PGF | placental growth factor | PGF | 0.6 | The addition of PGE 2 but not PGD 2 or PGF 2_amp_#x3b1 reverses COX-2-mediated suppression of LTP |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2-mediated | 2.3 | PGE 2 but not PGD 2 or PGF 2_amp_#x3b1 reverses COX-2-mediated suppression of LTP |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2-induced | 2.3 | These studies suggest that PGE 2 is the effector of COX-2-induced synaptic plasticity |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | The translocation of COX-2 to the nuclear envelope during neural cell stimulation generates eicosanoids |
| 9593 | PTGER1 | prostaglandin E receptor 1 (subtype EP1), 42kDa | EP1 | 1.2 | The interaction of PGE 2 with a nuclear EP1 receptor also results in calcium mobilization and gene transcription ( |
| 9593 | PTGER1 | prostaglandin E receptor 1 (subtype EP1), 42kDa | EP1 | 1.2 | Collective evidence suggests that cross talk between NMDA and EP1 receptors and generation of AA metabolites may regulate gene expression |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | Thus in mechanosensory neurons of the marine mollusk Aplysia californica 12-LOX metabolites act as second messengers and participate in communication with |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | HPETEs and leukotrienes generated by 5-LOX and 12-LOX inhibit neurotransmitter release by modulating calcium and protein |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | HPETEs and leukotrienes generated by 5-LOX and 12-LOX inhibit neurotransmitter release by modulating calcium and protein kinase C |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX- | 1.8 | In brain tissue COX- and LOX-generated metabolites of AA may modulate synaptic plasticity not |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX-generated | 0.1 | In brain tissue COX- and LOX-generated metabolites of AA may modulate synaptic plasticity not only through |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | into the cell ( Kadoya et al. 2003 4-HNE induces COX-2 expression in macrophages |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | The expression of COX-2 plays an important role in the intensification of inflammatory responses |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | A nonenzymic mechanism analogous to the formation of prostaglandins by COX enzymes forms the isoprostanes |
| 6871 | MAPK1 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 | MAP | 0.9 | PAF stimulates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) MAP kinase and inhibits adenylate cyclase |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | PAF also stimulates the inducible isoform of COX-2 ( Bazan et al. 1993 |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | An immediate early gene encodes COX-2 which is responsible for prostaglandin synthesis in neuropathological processes |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | 50730 blocks stimulation of the immediate early gene responsible for COX-2 ( Bazan et al. 1997 |
| 8574 | PAFAH1B1 | platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, isoform Ib, alpha subunit 45kDa | MDS | 1.2 | neuro-developmental syndrome Miller_amp_#x2013 Dieker lissencephaly or Miller_amp_#x2013 Dieker syndrome (MDS) MDS |
| 8574 | PAFAH1B1 | platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, isoform Ib, alpha subunit 45kDa | MDS | 1.2 | MDS is caused by a defect in the LIS-1 gene which |
| 8574 | PAFAH1B1 | platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, isoform Ib, alpha subunit 45kDa | LIS-1 | 1.7 | MDS is caused by a defect in the LIS-1 gene which has been mapped to ILS/MDS ILS MDS chromosome |
| 8574 | PAFAH1B1 | platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, isoform Ib, alpha subunit 45kDa | MDS | 1.2 | the LIS-1 gene which has been mapped to ILS/MDS ILS MDS chromosome 17p 13.3 |
| 8574 | PAFAH1B1 | platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, isoform Ib, alpha subunit 45kDa | MDS | 1.2 | Seizures and severe mental retardation characterize MDS ( Hattori et al. 1994 and Walsh 1998 |
| 8893 | PGF | placental growth factor | PGF | 0.6 | PGF 2_amp_#x3b1 and TXA 2 are constrictors and the effects of |
| 8893 | PGF | placental growth factor | PGF | 0.6 | pressure cause the release of PGE 2 PGI 2 and PGF 2_amp_#x3b1 from brain ( Chemtob et al. 1990a |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | Cloned rat brain 12-LOX generates some 15-HETE ( Watanabe et al. 1993 15-LOX also |
| 2615 | CYP2B6 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily B, polypeptide 6 | P450 | 2.2 | EETs and 20-HETE products of P450 arachidonic acid epoxygenase |
| 2615 | CYP2B6 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily B, polypeptide 6 | P450 | 2.2 | Brain parenchymal tissue metabolizes arachidonic acid via the cytochrome P450 epoxygenase to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), EETs which can dilate cerebral |
| 2615 | CYP2B6 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily B, polypeptide 6 | P450 | 2.2 | Treatment of the donor vessels with a cytochrome P450 epoxygenase inhibitor (PPOH) PPOH eliminated dilator responses in both donor |
| 2615 | CYP2B6 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily B, polypeptide 6 | P450 | 2.2 | Another P450 metabolite of arachidonic acid 20-HETE is a potent vasoconstrictor decreasing |
| 2615 | CYP2B6 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily B, polypeptide 6 | P450 | 2.2 | Inhibition of P450 epoxygenase activity blocked the functional hyperemia in response to stimulation |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | s and both the non-selective inhibitor indomethacin and the selective COX-1 inhibitor SC-560 reduced photolysis-induced hyperemia |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | The COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 was ineffective as were two cytochrome P450 antagonists |
| 2615 | CYP2B6 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily B, polypeptide 6 | P450 | 2.2 | The COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 was ineffective as were two cytochrome P450 antagonists (MS-PPOH MS-PPOH and miconazole suggesting that COX-2 and P450 |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | two cytochrome P450 antagonists (MS-PPOH MS-PPOH and miconazole suggesting that COX-2 and P450 metabolites do not play a significant role in |
| 2615 | CYP2B6 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily B, polypeptide 6 | P450 | 2.2 | P450 antagonists (MS-PPOH MS-PPOH and miconazole suggesting that COX-2 and P450 metabolites do not play a significant role in vasodilation as |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | not play a significant role in vasodilation as compared to COX-1 metabolites |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | (2006) 2006 observed dense immunohistochemical staining for COX-1 but not COX-2 in the astrocytic endfeet that ensheath cortical |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | (2006) 2006 observed dense immunohistochemical staining for COX-1 but not COX-2 in the astrocytic endfeet that ensheath cortical arterioles as well |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | that is initiated by neural activity using a mechanism involving COX-1 metabolites |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | COX-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 production are enhanced in the spinal |
| 9593 | PTGER1 | prostaglandin E receptor 1 (subtype EP1), 42kDa | EP1 | 1.2 | PGE 2 mediated through the EP1 receptor has a possible role in the spinal cord ( |
| 9593 | PTGER1 | prostaglandin E receptor 1 (subtype EP1), 42kDa | EP1 | 1.2 | EP1 receptors are coupled to calcium ion mobilization and their activation |
| 9593 | PTGER1 | prostaglandin E receptor 1 (subtype EP1), 42kDa | EP1 | 1.2 | (1994a) 1994a reported that an EP1 receptor antagonist dose-dependently antagonized PGE 2 -induced allodynia in the |
| 9593 | PTGER1 | prostaglandin E receptor 1 (subtype EP1), 42kDa | EP1 | 1.2 | (2004) 2004 demonstrated that a highly selective EP1 receptor antagonist ONO-8711 markedly suppressed PGE 2 -induced Ca 2 |
| 9593 | PTGER1 | prostaglandin E receptor 1 (subtype EP1), 42kDa | EP1 | 1.2 | In addition hybridization in situ revealed EP1 receptor signals in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) DRG neurons |
| 9593 | PTGER1 | prostaglandin E receptor 1 (subtype EP1), 42kDa | EP1 | 1.2 | DRG neurons but not in the spinal cord indicating that EP1 receptor mRNA is located at the terminals of DRG afferent |
| 9593 | PTGER1 | prostaglandin E receptor 1 (subtype EP1), 42kDa | EP1 | 1.2 | The EP1 antagonist also reduced mechanical allodynia induced by von Frey filaments |
| 8893 | PGF | placental growth factor | PGF | 0.6 | as a specific target of PGE 2 but not of PGF 2_amp_#x3b1 PGD 2 or PGI 2 which reduced inhibitory glycinergic |
| 9594 | PTGER2 | prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2), 53kDa | EP2 | 0.6 | glycine receptors occurred via a postsynaptic mechanism involving activation of EP2 receptors cholera-toxin-sensitive G-proteins and cAMP-dependent protein kinase |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Constitutive levels of COX-2 in the spinal cord are low but peripheral inflammation upregulates |
| 9593 | PTGER1 | prostaglandin E receptor 1 (subtype EP1), 42kDa | EP1 | 1.2 | EP1 and EP3 agonists had little effect on membrane currents confirming |
| 9595 | PTGER3 | prostaglandin E receptor 3 (subtype EP3) | EP3 | 0.6 | EP1 and EP3 agonists had little effect on membrane currents confirming |
| 9595 | PTGER3 | prostaglandin E receptor 3 (subtype EP3) | EP3 | 0.6 | EP1 and EP3 agonists had little effect on membrane currents confirming that an |
| 9594 | PTGER2 | prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2), 53kDa | EP2-like | 0.6 | agonists had little effect on membrane currents confirming that an EP2-like receptor was involved |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | In the brain synaptic activity regulates the basal expression of COX-2 |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Furthermore COX-2 is localized in neuronal dendritic spines where active synapses are |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Kaufmann et al. 1996 implying that both constitutive and inducible COX-2 may participate in synaptic plasticity |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Selective COX-2 inhibition significantly reduced postsynaptic excitability back-propagation of dendritic action-potential-associated Ca |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | of long-term potentiation in hippocampal dentate granule neurons whereas a COX-1 inhibitor was not effective ( Chen et al. 2002 |
| 8893 | PGF | placental growth factor | PGF | 0.6 | Exogenous application of PGE 2 but not PGD 2 or PGF 2_amp_#x3b1 effectively reversed all of these actions |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | consistent with a likely role of PGE 2 generated by COX-2 in the regulation of membrane excitability and long-term synaptic plasticity |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2-synthesized | 0.3 | COX-2-synthesized PGE 2 may act on PG receptors within the same |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Administration of a selective COX-2 inhibitor to eliminate endogenous PGE 2 reduced somatic and dendritic |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | amplitude and temporal summation in slices previously treated with a COX-2 inhibitor ( Chen and Bazan 2005 |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | is a profound difference between NSAIDs with different selectivities for COX-1 and COX-2 with regard to their effects on the synthesis |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | is a profound difference between NSAIDs with different selectivities for COX-1 and COX-2 with regard to their effects on the synthesis |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | profound difference between NSAIDs with different selectivities for COX-1 and COX-2 with regard to their effects on the synthesis of endogenous |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | NSAIDs displaying an inhibitory action on COX-1 increased brain KYNA formation whereas COX-2 selective inhibitors had the |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | an inhibitory action on COX-1 increased brain KYNA formation whereas COX-2 selective inhibitors had the opposite effect |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | and lowering in brain KYNA levels following the administration of COX inhibitors suggesting that PGs tonically modulate KYNA metabolism |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | acid formation induced by NSAIDs displaying an inhibitory action on COX-1 could possibly contribute to a reduction in glutamatergic transmission along |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | function in the central nervous system has been focused on 12-LOX |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | Detection of 12-LOX mRNA was reported in neuronal cultures ( Palluy et al. |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | several groups suggested that arachidonic acid or one of its 12-LOX metabolites might function as a retrograde messenger in long-term potentiation |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | effects of arachidonic acid were antagonized by nordihydroguaiaretic acid a LOX inhibitor indicating that its metabolites were responsible for these effects |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | Two 12-LOX metabolites of arachidonic acid 12-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (HETE) HETE and 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | (1990) 1990 demonstrated that the 12-LOX pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism in cerebral cortical slices was |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | However in this instance 12-LOX products attenuated depolarization-evoked accumulation of intraterminal free Ca 2 and |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | positive modulator of the glutamate release involved in long-term potentiation 12-LOX metabolites provide signals designed to limit neurotransmitter release |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | Further evidence for an involvement of 12-LOX rather than 5-LOX or a cyclooxygenase in homosynaptic long-term depression |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | Further evidence for an involvement of 12-LOX rather than 5-LOX or a cyclooxygenase in homosynaptic long-term depression of the hippocampus |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | The 12-LOX inhibitor baicalein was the most effective in blocking hippocampal LTD |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | blocking hippocampal LTD ( Normandin et al. 1996 indicating that 12-LOX metabolites may be important factors controlling the expression of hippocampal |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | and not to changes in the number of binding sites 12-LOX inhibitors preferentially reduced the PLA 2 -induced decrease in AMPA |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | The 12-LOX inhibitor baicalein totally blocked LTD in the CA1 region of |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | with the concept that arachidonic acid metabolites produced by the 12-LOX pathway could account for AMPA receptor alterations for both LTP |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | a recent multidisciplinary study gave evidence for a role of 12-LOX metabolites in metabotropic-glutamate receptor-dependent long-term depression at hippocampal CA3_amp_#x2013 CA1 |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | Their results strongly support the hypothesis that a 12-LOX pathway is required for the induction of metabotropic-glutamate-receptor-dependent LTD but |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | The 12-LOX metabolite of arachidonic acid 12(s)-HPETE 12 s -HPETE appeared to |
| 2615 | CYP2B6 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily B, polypeptide 6 | P450 | 2.2 | evidence that the metabolites of arachidonic acid generated by cytochrome P450 epoxygenase play a significant role in the modulation of synaptic |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | because of the well-known analgesic and temperature-reducing effects of COX-1/-2 COX-1 -2 inhibitors on patients experiencing these conditions |
| 9595 | PTGER3 | prostaglandin E receptor 3 (subtype EP3) | EP3 | 0.6 | (1998) 1998 suggested an involvement of the EP3 receptor in febrile responses |
| 9595 | PTGER3 | prostaglandin E receptor 3 (subtype EP3) | EP3-deficient | 0.6 | They demonstrated that EP3-deficient mice failed to show a febrile response to intracerebroventricular injections |
| 9593 | PTGER1 | prostaglandin E receptor 1 (subtype EP1), 42kDa | EP1 | 1.2 | Mice lacking EP1 EP2 and EP4 receptors responded to PGE 2 injections with |
| 9594 | PTGER2 | prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2), 53kDa | EP2 | 0.6 | Mice lacking EP1 EP2 and EP4 receptors responded to PGE 2 injections with similar |
| 9596 | PTGER4 | prostaglandin E receptor 4 (subtype EP4) | EP4 | 0.6 | Mice lacking EP1 EP2 and EP4 receptors responded to PGE 2 injections with similar |
| 9596 | PTGER4 | prostaglandin E receptor 4 (subtype EP4) | EP4 | 0.6 | Mice lacking EP1 EP2 and EP4 receptors responded to PGE 2 injections with similar febrile reactions |
| 9595 | PTGER3 | prostaglandin E receptor 3 (subtype EP3) | EP3 | 0.6 | to those seen in control mice establishing that the cerebral EP3 receptors are involved in PGE 2 -evoked febrile responses |
| 9593 | PTGER1 | prostaglandin E receptor 1 (subtype EP1), 42kDa | EP1 | 1.2 | (2001) 2001 proposed a role for the EP1 receptor in pain perception |
| 9593 | PTGER1 | prostaglandin E receptor 1 (subtype EP1), 42kDa | EP1 | 1.2 | EP1 _amp_#x2212;/_amp_#x2212; _amp_#x2212 _amp_#x2212 mice were healthy and fertile but with |
| 9593 | PTGER1 | prostaglandin E receptor 1 (subtype EP1), 42kDa | EP1 | 1.2 | The observation that both EP1 and IP receptors ( Oida et al. 1995 are expressed |
| 9593 | PTGER1 | prostaglandin E receptor 1 (subtype EP1), 42kDa | EP1 | 1.2 | to note that in addition to IP mRNA mRNAs for EP1 EP3 and EP4 were expressed in about 30% 50% and |
| 9595 | PTGER3 | prostaglandin E receptor 3 (subtype EP3) | EP3 | 0.6 | note that in addition to IP mRNA mRNAs for EP1 EP3 and EP4 were expressed in about 30% 50% and 20% |
| 9596 | PTGER4 | prostaglandin E receptor 4 (subtype EP4) | EP4 | 0.6 | note that in addition to IP mRNA mRNAs for EP1 EP3 and EP4 were expressed in about 30% 50% and 20% |
| 9596 | PTGER4 | prostaglandin E receptor 4 (subtype EP4) | EP4 | 0.6 | in addition to IP mRNA mRNAs for EP1 EP3 and EP4 were expressed in about 30% 50% and 20% of the |
| 9593 | PTGER1 | prostaglandin E receptor 1 (subtype EP1), 42kDa | EP1 | 1.2 | 30% 50% and 20% of the IP-receptor-positive neurons coexpressing the EP1 EP3 and EP4 receptor respectively ( Oida et al. 1995 |
| 9595 | PTGER3 | prostaglandin E receptor 3 (subtype EP3) | EP3 | 0.6 | 50% and 20% of the IP-receptor-positive neurons coexpressing the EP1 EP3 and EP4 receptor respectively ( Oida et al. 1995 |
| 9596 | PTGER4 | prostaglandin E receptor 4 (subtype EP4) | EP4 | 0.6 | 50% and 20% of the IP-receptor-positive neurons coexpressing the EP1 EP3 and EP4 receptor respectively ( Oida et al. 1995 |
| 9596 | PTGER4 | prostaglandin E receptor 4 (subtype EP4) | EP4 | 0.6 | 20% of the IP-receptor-positive neurons coexpressing the EP1 EP3 and EP4 receptor respectively ( Oida et al. 1995 |
| 9594 | PTGER2 | prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2), 53kDa | EP2 | 0.6 | PGE 2 receptors of the EP2 receptor subtype have been identified as key signaling elements in |
| 9594 | PTGER2 | prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2), 53kDa | EP2 | 0.6 | Mice deficient in EP2 receptors completely lacked spinal PGE 2 -evoked hyperalgesia |
| 8893 | PGF | placental growth factor | PGF | 0.6 | When small amounts of PGE 2 PGD 2 PGF 2_amp_#x3b1 or PGI 2 were injected intrathecally into the spinal |
| 9594 | PTGER2 | prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2), 53kDa | EP2-deficient | 0.6 | EP2-deficient mice lost this response |
| 9594 | PTGER2 | prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2), 53kDa | EP2 | 0.6 | After a peripheral inflammatory stimulus the EP2 _amp_#x2212;/_amp_#x2212; _amp_#x2212 _amp_#x2212 mice exhibited only a short-lasting peripheral hyperalgesic |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | Gene deletion studies_amp_#x2014 COX and LOX |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | Gene deletion studies_amp_#x2014 COX and LOX |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | The development of COX deficient mice has allowed investigators to study the individual roles |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | has allowed investigators to study the individual roles of the COX-1 and COX-2 isoforms |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | has allowed investigators to study the individual roles of the COX-1 and COX-2 isoforms |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | investigators to study the individual roles of the COX-1 and COX-2 isoforms |
| 2294 | COX8A | cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A (ubiquitous) | COX-1-deficient | 0.3 | COX-1-deficient mice have very low (1% 1% of normal PG levels |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2-deficient | 0.3 | COX-2-deficient mice have poor survival rates reduced resolution of gastrointestinal ulcers |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | these lists and that for the maintenance of normal physiology COX-2 appears to play a more critical role |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | which there is evidence for a central role of both COX enzymes is hypophagia (a a reduction in feeding in mice |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | At 30 to 40 min after IL-1_amp_#x3b2 COX-1 KO mice showed a smaller reduction in milk intake in |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | reduction in milk intake in comparison with wild-type mice whereas COX-2 mice responded more like wild-type animals |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | However at 90 to 120 min after IL-1_amp_#x3b2 administration COX-2 KO mice showed only small responses while COX-1 KO mice |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | IL-1_amp_#x3b2 administration COX-2 KO mice showed only small responses while COX-1 KO mice responded normally |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | This result suggests that while COX-1 is primarily involved in the early phase of milk intake |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | is primarily involved in the early phase of milk intake COX-2 is more responsible for the later phase ( Swiergiel and |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2- | 2.3 | demonstrated reduced and increased susceptibility to ischemic brain injury in COX-2- and COX-1-deficient mice respectively |
| 2294 | COX8A | cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A (ubiquitous) | COX-1-deficient | 0.3 | and increased susceptibility to ischemic brain injury in COX-2- and COX-1-deficient mice respectively |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2-deficient | 0.3 | level of neuronal injury produced by transient global ischemia in COX-2-deficient mice in comparison with wild-type mice |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Various lines of evidence implicate COX-2 in fever production |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | lipopolysaccharide (LPS) LPS or intravenous and intracerebral IL-1_amp_#x3b2 administration whereas COX-2 inhibitors suppress the fever induced by these pyrogens ( Cao |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | assessed the febrile response to injection of intraperitoneal LPS in COX-1 and COX-2-deficient mice |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2-deficient | 0.3 | febrile response to injection of intraperitoneal LPS in COX-1 and COX-2-deficient mice |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | The wild-type and COX-1 _amp_#x2212;/_amp_#x2212; _amp_#x2212 _amp_#x2212 mice responded to LPS with a 1_amp_#xb0 |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | LPS with a 1_amp_#xb0 C rise in temperature whereas the COX-2 _amp_#x2212;/_amp_#x2212; _amp_#x2212 _amp_#x2212 mice displayed no increase in temperature indicating |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | _amp_#x2212 _amp_#x2212 mice displayed no increase in temperature indicating that COX-2 is necessary for LPS-induced fever production |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | in locomotor activity were augmented acutely but not chronically in 12-LOX _amp_#x2212;/_amp_#x2212; _amp_#x2212 _amp_#x2212 mice ( Walters et al. 2003 |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | Together these results suggest a role for 12-LOX products in morphine and cocaine behavioral responses |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Endocannabinoids and COX-2 |
| 3553 | FAAH | fatty acid amide hydrolase | FAAH | 2.2 | the metabolism of AEA is fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) FAAH |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | these hydrolytic pathways endocannabinoids can be selectively oxygenated by a COX-2 pathway ( Kozak and Marnett 2002 and Yu et al. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Inhibition of COX-2 can potentiate the action of these endocannabinoids ( Kim and |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Furthermore metabolites of AEA and 2-AG derived from COX-2 possess biological activity including the activation of protein kinase C |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | significantly more stable metabolically than free acid PGs suggesting that COX-2 action on endocannabinoids may provide oxygenated lipids with sufficiently long |
| 3553 | FAAH | fatty acid amide hydrolase | FAAH | 2.2 | which is not a substrate for fatty acid amidohydrolase (FAAH), FAAH produced a similar increase in PGE 2 production as AEA |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | 2 production induced by either AEA or MAEA a selective COX-2 inhibitor indicating induction of COX-2 |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | AEA or MAEA a selective COX-2 inhibitor indicating induction of COX-2 |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | AEA and MAEA increased the expression of COX-2 protein an action that AM-251 a selective cannabinoid receptor-1-agonist partially |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Additionally AEA increased COX-2 promoter activity |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | (2005) 2005 suggested that AEA increases COX-2 expression at the transcriptional level through a cannabinoid-receptor-1-mediated mechanism in |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | (2005) 2005 concluded that oxidation of eCB by COX-2 decreases their level in the hippocampus thus enhancing LTP eCBs |
| 2159 | CNR1 | cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain) | CB1 | 0.6 | slices was facilitated following treatment with a cannabinoid receptor (CB1) CB1 antagonist revealing a tonic inhibitory influence of eCBs on LTP |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Conversely inhibition of COX-2 prevented LTP in hippocampal dentate neurons ( Kim and Alger |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | ( Kim and Alger 2004 leading to the conclusion that COX-2 regulates the formation of CB1 ligands that negatively regulate LTP |
| 2159 | CNR1 | cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain) | CB1 | 0.6 | leading to the conclusion that COX-2 regulates the formation of CB1 ligands that negatively regulate LTP |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | Early indications of an involvement of COX and LOX in traumatic brain injury arose from studies on |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | Early indications of an involvement of COX and LOX in traumatic brain injury arose from studies on feline cerebral |
| 8893 | PGF | placental growth factor | PGF | 0.6 | PGE 1 6-keto-PGF 1_amp_#x3b1 and PGF 2_amp_#x3b1 levels in the cerebral cortex were increased and remained |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | post-injury confirmed the previous observations and demonstrated an involvement of 12-LOX in the injury process |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | COX-2 is an important mediator of neuroinflammation ( Feng et al. |
| 9594 | PTGER2 | prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2), 53kDa | EP2 | 0.6 | and the apoptosis of cortical cells by acting on the EP2 receptor which in turn activates caspase-3 a pro-apoptotic agent ( |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | of the rat cerebral cortex caused a bilateral induction of COX-2 mRNA in the cortex and dentate gyrus |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | COX-2 activity was detectable in these areas and persisted in the |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | A persistent accumulation of microglial cells and macrophages expressing COX-1 was also observed in human and rat traumatic brain injuries |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Upregulation of COX-2 mRNA has also been observed in the rat spinal cord |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | COX-2 immunoreactivity in this instance was observed only in endothelial cells |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | (1998) 1998 observed trauma-induced COX-2 mRNA expression in spinal cord neurons and around blood vessels |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | (2000) 2000 found COX-2 protein almost exclusively in neurons |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | The effects of COX-2 inhibition on recovery following traumatic brain injury (TBI) TBI in |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | worsening of motor but not cognitive performance and suggested that COX-2 induction following TBI may play a protective role |
| 2615 | CYP2B6 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily B, polypeptide 6 | P450 | 2.2 | Inhibitors of phospholipase A 2 and cytochrome P450 epoxygenase blocked this capacitative Ca 2 entry from the extracellular |
| 403 | ALDH3A2 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A2 | SLS | 0.9 | Sj_amp_#xf6 gren_amp_#x2013 Larsson syndrome (SLS) SLS is an autosomal recessive disorder associated with increased leukotriene production |
| 403 | ALDH3A2 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A2 | SLS | 0.9 | concentrations of LTB 4 LTC 4 and 20-OH-LTB 4 in SLS patients ( Willemsen et al. 2001a |
| 403 | ALDH3A2 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A2 | SLS | 0.9 | SLS is characterized by ichthyosis (thickened thickened fish-like skin spastic paraplegia |
| 403 | ALDH3A2 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A2 | SLS | 0.9 | by the accumulation of aldehyde-modified lipids or fatty alcohols in SLS |
| 403 | ALDH3A2 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A2 | SLS | 0.9 | Although the treatment of SLS patients with the 5-LOX inhibitor (Zileuton) Zileuton blocks peripheral SLS |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | Although the treatment of SLS patients with the 5-LOX inhibitor (Zileuton) Zileuton blocks peripheral SLS symptoms and inhibits LTB |
| 403 | ALDH3A2 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A2 | SLS | 0.9 | SLS patients with the 5-LOX inhibitor (Zileuton) Zileuton blocks peripheral SLS symptoms and inhibits LTB 4 synthesis it does not improve |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | Studies on COX-1 and COX-2 gene deletion provided some information on the roles |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Studies on COX-1 and COX-2 gene deletion provided some information on the roles |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Studies on COX-1 and COX-2 gene deletion provided some information on the roles of these |
| 2294 | COX8A | cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A (ubiquitous) | COX-1-deficient | 0.3 | reperfusion injury was increased ( Iadecola et al. 2001b in COX-1-deficient mice |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | were not able to confirm the harmful effect of losing COX-1 activity in a permanent endovascular middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2-deficient | 0.3 | COX-2-deficient mice displayed a reduced susceptibility to ischemic brain injury and |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Conversely mice with neuronal overexpression of COX-2 had increased levels of PGE 2 with significant increases in |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Clinical trials have recently revealed that long-term therapy with COX-2 inhibitors increases the incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke which |
| 2294 | COX8A | cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A (ubiquitous) | COX-2-derived | 0.3 | has been attributed to blockade of the vasoprotective effects of COX-2-derived PGI 2 ( FitzGerald 2003 |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | PGE 2 may be responsible for the neurotoxic effects of COX-2 ( Manabe et al. 2004 |
| 9593 | PTGER1 | prostaglandin E receptor 1 (subtype EP1), 42kDa | EP1 | 1.2 | Prostaglandin EP1 receptors may be essential for the neurotoxic effects of COX-2-derived |
| 2294 | COX8A | cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A (ubiquitous) | COX-2-derived | 0.3 | EP1 receptors may be essential for the neurotoxic effects of COX-2-derived PGE 2 |
| 9593 | PTGER1 | prostaglandin E receptor 1 (subtype EP1), 42kDa | EP1 | 1.2 | EP1 receptor activation by PGE 2 disrupts neuronal calcium homeostasis by |
| 9593 | PTGER1 | prostaglandin E receptor 1 (subtype EP1), 42kDa | EP1 | 1.2 | Pharmacological inhibition or gene inactivation of EP1 receptors reduces brain injury induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | COX-2 mRNA is upregulated in the ischemic rat cerebral hemisphere beginning |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Neurons at the medial edge of the ischemic area had COX-2 immunoreactivity and the injured brain had elevated PGE 2 levels |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | These data would appear to implicate COX-2 in the mechanisms of delayed neuronal death |
| 9594 | PTGER2 | prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2), 53kDa | EP2 | 0.6 | However the finding that the PGE 2 EP2 receptor has a neuroprotective function in cerebral ischemia complicates the |
| 8893 | PGF | placental growth factor | PGF | 0.6 | Although PGE 2 PGF 2_amp_#x3b1 6-keto-PGF 1_amp_#x3b1 and thromboxanes in the brain extracellular space |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | PLA 2 activation may be converted to prostaglandins by both COX-1 and COX-2 during the immediate response and predominantly by COX-2 |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | PLA 2 activation may be converted to prostaglandins by both COX-1 and COX-2 during the immediate response and predominantly by COX-2 |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | activation may be converted to prostaglandins by both COX-1 and COX-2 during the immediate response and predominantly by COX-2 during the |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | COX-1 and COX-2 during the immediate response and predominantly by COX-2 during the delayed response ( Murakami et al. 2002 sPLA |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | delayed response ( Murakami et al. 2002 sPLA 2 upregulates COX-2 ( Bidgood et al. 2000 and is functionally coupled with |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | ( Bidgood et al. 2000 and is functionally coupled with COX-2 but not with COX-1 ( Balsinde et al. 1998 |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | 2000 and is functionally coupled with COX-2 but not with COX-1 ( Balsinde et al. 1998 |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Substantial increases in COX-2 mRNA and protein levels occur in the peri-infarct and focal |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | In the ischemic core significant increases in COX-2 mRNA followed 6 h of ischemia |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | ischemic core during ischemic periods did not show increases in COX-2 protein |
| 9594 | PTGER2 | prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2), 53kDa | EP2 | 0.6 | 2 are likely to be important because activation of the EP2 receptor which the cerebral cortex hippocampus and striatum express abundantly |
| 9594 | PTGER2 | prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2), 53kDa | EP2 | 0.6 | Pharmacologic blockade of EP2 signaling by blockade of protein kinase A activation reversed this |
| 9594 | PTGER2 | prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2), 53kDa | EP2 | 0.6 | In an MCAO mouse model genetic deletion of the EP2 receptor significantly increased cerebral infarction in the cerebral cortex and |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | In another human study COX-1 expressed intensely in microglia but weakly in neurons in control |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | in microglia but weakly in neurons in control brains whereas COX-2 was absent in control autopsied brains |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | However COX-2 was induced robustly in neurons during the acute phase of |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | COX-2 was also upregulated in microglia during focal ischemia ( Tomimoto |
| 9065 | PLCG1 | phospholipase C, gamma 1 | PLC | 0.6 | The phospholipase C (PLC) PLC inhibitor U73122 also failed to depress significantly ischemia/reperfusion ischemia reperfusion |
| 9065 | PLCG1 | phospholipase C, gamma 1 | PLC | 0.6 | selective inhibitors of sPLA 2 cPLA 2 iPLA 2 and PLC were evaluated for their ability to suppress ischemia/reperfusion-evoked ischemia reperfusion-evoked |
| 9065 | PLCG1 | phospholipase C, gamma 1 | PLC | 0.6 | This suggests that PLC and several PLA 2 isozymes do contribute to brain injury |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | of inhibitors of PLA 2 as well as inhibitors of COX LOX and cytochrome P450 isozymes to reverse the depolarization |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | inhibitors of PLA 2 as well as inhibitors of COX LOX and cytochrome P450 isozymes to reverse the depolarization |
| 2615 | CYP2B6 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily B, polypeptide 6 | P450 | 2.2 | 2 as well as inhibitors of COX LOX and cytochrome P450 isozymes to reverse the depolarization |
| 2615 | CYP2B6 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily B, polypeptide 6 | P450 | 2.2 | PLA 2 inhibitor 4-bromophenylacyl bromide (pBPB), pBPB or the cytochrome P450 inhibitor 17-octadecynoic acid (17-ODA), 17-ODA significantly restored the membrane potential |
| 2615 | CYP2B6 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily B, polypeptide 6 | P450 | 2.2 | to the irreversible depolarization by in vitro ischemia with cytochrome P450 isozymes making a major contribution |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | Numerous studies have evaluated the effects of COX inhibitors on stroke injury |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | Pretreatment with indomethacin an inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2 reduced infarct size following focal ischemia with reperfusion |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Pretreatment with indomethacin an inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2 reduced infarct size following focal ischemia with reperfusion |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Pretreatment with indomethacin an inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2 reduced infarct size following focal ischemia with reperfusion in rats |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | Ibuprofen which also inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2 reduced neuronal injury and improved cerebral blood flow |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Ibuprofen which also inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2 reduced neuronal injury and improved cerebral blood flow |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Ibuprofen which also inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2 reduced neuronal injury and improved cerebral blood flow and neurological |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | Two other non-selective COX inhibitors piroxicam and flurbiprofen significantly ameliorated delayed (7 7 days |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | The recent development of selective COX-2 inhibitors has stimulated a number of studies of their efficacy |
| 7873 | NOS2A | nitric oxide synthase 2A (inducible, hepatocytes) | NOS | 2.7 | mice with deletion of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) NOS gene which suggests that COX-2 reaction products may be another |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) NOS gene which suggests that COX-2 reaction products may be another mechanism by which iNOS-derived nitric |
| 7873 | NOS2A | nitric oxide synthase 2A (inducible, hepatocytes) | iNOS-derived | 2.7 | that COX-2 reaction products may be another mechanism by which iNOS-derived nitric oxide contributes to ischemic brain injury ( Nagayama et |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Another COX-2 inhibitor nimesulide effectively limited hippocampal damage following forebrain ischemia in |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2-deficient | 0.3 | degree of hippocampal neuronal injury produced by global ischemia in COX-2-deficient mice was less than that in wild-type mice ( Sasaki |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | Selective inhibition of COX-1 by valerylsalicylate or of COX-2 by rofecoxib was used to |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Selective inhibition of COX-1 by valerylsalicylate or of COX-2 by rofecoxib was used to assess the relative contributions of |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | was initiated 6 h after ischemia providing evidence that both COX isoforms are involved in the progression of neuronal damage following |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | The highly selective COX-2 inhibitor DFU was neuroprotective when administered several hours after transient |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | The selective COX-2 inhibitors SC58125 and SC58326 are neuroprotective in rat global and |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | (2004) 2004 examined whether the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib reduces cerebral inflammation and edema after intracerebral hemorrhage |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | S-2474 a novel NSAID suppresses COX-2 at low nanomolar levels but does not affect COX-1 |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | suppresses COX-2 at low nanomolar levels but does not affect COX-1 |
| 620 | APP | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (peptidase nexin-II, Alzheimer disease) | amyloid | 1.5 | It possesses protective effects against the neurotoxicity of _amp_#x3b2 -amyloid protein a protein probably causative in the generation of Alzheimer's |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | Neurons immunostaining for 5-LOX were upregulated in sites of focal ischemic damage of human |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | gerbil brain of 5-min duration led to an upregulation of 5-LOX immunoreactivity in neurons and an increase in LTC 4 in |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | of CA1 pyramidal cells following the application of two non-selective LOX inhibitors nordihydroguaiaretic acid and esculentin a selective 5-LOX inhibitor AA861 |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | two non-selective LOX inhibitors nordihydroguaiaretic acid and esculentin a selective 5-LOX inhibitor AA861 and two selective 12-LOX inhibitors baicalein and cinnamyl-3 |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | and esculentin a selective 5-LOX inhibitor AA861 and two selective 12-LOX inhibitors baicalein and cinnamyl-3 4-dihydroxy-_amp_#x3b1 -cyanocinnamate |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | Two COX inhibitors indomethacin and ibuprofen were less effective on this preparation |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | The importance of 5-LOX is further supported by evidence indicating that the gene encoding |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | is further supported by evidence indicating that the gene encoding 5-LOX activating protein confers a risk of stroke in humans ( |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | cultured neurons to arachidonic acid caused apoptotic neuronal death which LOX and CY450 inhibitors greatly reduced with COX inhibitors having less |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | neuronal death which LOX and CY450 inhibitors greatly reduced with COX inhibitors having less of an effect |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | min cerebral ischemia ( Kitagawa et al. 2004 indicating that 5-LOX is not essential for ischemic injury to the brain |
| 2615 | CYP2B6 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily B, polypeptide 6 | P450 | 2.2 | EETs are the only cytochrome P450 metabolites of arachidonic acid produced by endothelial cells |
| 2615 | CYP2B6 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily B, polypeptide 6 | P450 | 2.2 | (2002) 2002 reported that TIA induces the expression of P450 2C11 an arachidonic acid epoxygenase which is upregulated in the |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | Role of COX LOX and EPOX in excitotoxic injury |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | Role of COX LOX and EPOX in excitotoxic injury |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | Role of COX LOX and EPOX in excitotoxic injury |
| 17513 | HOMER2 | homer homolog 2 (Drosophila) | ACPD | 1.0 | -2-amino-4-phosphonobutanoate ( l -AP4 and trans -1-amino-cyclopentyl-1 3-dicarboxylate ( trans -ACPD receptors |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | These enzymes include PLA 2 COX-2 LOX and EPOX |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | These enzymes include PLA 2 COX-2 LOX and EPOX |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | These enzymes include PLA 2 COX-2 LOX and EPOX |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Marked increases in COX-2 and 5-LOX mRNA and protein levels occur following kainate injections |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | Marked increases in COX-2 and 5-LOX mRNA and protein levels occur following kainate injections in rat |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | This increase in COX-2 and 5-LOX can be prevented by not only glutamate receptor |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | This increase in COX-2 and 5-LOX can be prevented by not only glutamate receptor antagonists ( |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | al. 1999 and Pepicelli et al. 2002 but also by COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors ( Manev et al. 2000a and Pepicelli |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | and Pepicelli et al. 2002 but also by COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors ( Manev et al. 2000a and Pepicelli et al. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | The role of COX-2 and 5-LOX in excitotoxicity is also supported by microdialysis studies |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | The role of COX-2 and 5-LOX in excitotoxicity is also supported by microdialysis studies in vivo |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | blocked by the infusion of NMDA antagonists as well as COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors indicating that both COX-1 and COX-2 contribute |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | blocked by the infusion of NMDA antagonists as well as COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors indicating that both COX-1 and COX-2 contribute |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | the infusion of NMDA antagonists as well as COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors indicating that both COX-1 and COX-2 contribute to the |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | as well as COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors indicating that both COX-1 and COX-2 contribute to the prostaglandin synthesis and oxidative damage |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | as well as COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors indicating that both COX-1 and COX-2 contribute to the prostaglandin synthesis and oxidative damage |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | as COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors indicating that both COX-1 and COX-2 contribute to the prostaglandin synthesis and oxidative damage in excitotoxicity |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | it promotes neuronal injury that depends on the magnitude of COX-2 and 5-LOX expression ( Iadecola et al. 2001a Nakayama et |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | neuronal injury that depends on the magnitude of COX-2 and 5-LOX expression ( Iadecola et al. 2001a Nakayama et al. 1998 |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | It is likely that increased COX-2 and 5-LOX activities and high levels of their reaction products |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | It is likely that increased COX-2 and 5-LOX activities and high levels of their reaction products are involved |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | Nothing is known about the effect of glutamate on EPOX activity and expression |
| 9065 | PLCG1 | phospholipase C, gamma 1 | PLC | 0.6 | reported that G-protein-coupled metabotropic glutamate receptors are functionally linked to PLC and cytochrome P450 arachidonate epoxygenase activity ( Gebremedhin et al. |
| 2615 | CYP2B6 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily B, polypeptide 6 | P450 | 2.2 | metabotropic glutamate receptors are functionally linked to PLC and cytochrome P450 arachidonate epoxygenase activity ( Gebremedhin et al. 2003 indicating that |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | Gebremedhin et al. 2003 indicating that excitotoxicity may also involve EPOX activity |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | The neurochemical consequences of increased COX-2 and 5-LOX activities and high levels of their products include |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | The neurochemical consequences of increased COX-2 and 5-LOX activities and high levels of their products include not only |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Our emphasis on the interaction between glutamate receptors and COX-2 and 5-LOX activities and their reaction products does not rule |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | emphasis on the interaction between glutamate receptors and COX-2 and 5-LOX activities and their reaction products does not rule out the |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2- | 2.3 | appropriate to apply the concept of synergism between glutamate and COX-2- and 5-LOX-generated products and their receptors to neural cell injury |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2- | 2.3 | The synergistic actions of glutamate and COX-2- and 5-LOX-generated products may be rapid whereas in neurodegenerative disorders |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2- | 2.3 | limited extent due to the availability of ATP glutamate and COX-2- and 5-LOX-product-mediated damage may take a longer time to develop |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | These studies suggest that COX-2 and 5-LOX-generated products along with free radical formation play critical |
| 9594 | PTGER2 | prostaglandin E receptor 2 (subtype EP2), 53kDa | EP2 | 0.6 | and oxygen deprivation is mediated by the activation of an EP2 receptor one of the four PGE 2 receptor subtypes whose |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | of cytosolic PLA 2 ( Kajiwara et al. 1996 and COX-2 ( Marcheselli and Bazan 1996 |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | In rat brain COX-2 mRNA is preferentially expressed in neurons where it is developmentally |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | it is developmentally regulated ( Tocco et al. 1997 and COX-2 expression is induced by kainic-acid-induced seizures ( Chen et al. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | rat cortico-hippocampal neurons is also associated with increased expression of COX-2 ( Tocco et al. 1997 |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Induction of COX-2 but not COX-1 gene expression has been demonstrated to precede |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | Induction of COX-2 but not COX-1 gene expression has been demonstrated to precede apoptosis in the |
| 8893 | PGF | placental growth factor | PGF | 0.6 | The formation of immunoreactive PGF 2_amp_#x3b1 and leukotriene-like activity has been detected in the brains |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | ( Birkle and Bazan 1987 indicating the stimulation of both COX and LOX activity |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | and Bazan 1987 indicating the stimulation of both COX and LOX activity |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | another seizure model the genetically epilepsy-susceptible E1 mouse expression of COX-2 in the hippocampus was upregulated after an epileptic seizure and |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | hippocampus was upregulated after an epileptic seizure and indomethacin a COX-2 inhibitor shortened the duration from seizure onset to full recovery |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | rat hippocampal-kindling model enabled a study of the role of COX-2 in seizure activity |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | COX-2 encoded in an early-response gene increased in a synaptic-activity-dependent manner |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | When rats were rekindled 34 days later this spreading of COX-2 expression persisted |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | The COX-2 selective inhibitor nimesulide attenuated kindling development ( Tu and Bazan |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | attenuated kindling development ( Tu and Bazan 2003 thus neuronal COX-2 gene induction and cPLA 2 activation are key signaling events |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | (2003) 2003 examined the effects of COX-2 on the _amp_#x2018 rapid kindling_amp_#x2019 development in COX-2 knockout mice |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | effects of COX-2 on the _amp_#x2018 rapid kindling_amp_#x2019 development in COX-2 knockout mice and mice treated with nimesulide |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | They also measured COX-2 mRNA expression and PGE 2 concentrations |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Kindling in hippocampal neurons of control mice markedly increased brain COX-2 mRNA levels with a significant increase in PGE 2 levels |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Moreover conditions of COX-2 deficiency significantly decreased the incidence of after-discharges total after-discharge duration |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | total after-discharge duration and seizure behavior induction suggesting that inducible COX-2 facilitates the recurrence of hippocampal seizures |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | a transgenic mouse model with neuronal overexpression of the human COX-2 to further explore its role in excitotoxicity |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | hCOX-2 | 2.3 | Overexpression of hCOX-2 potentiated the intensity and lethality of kainic acid excitotoxicity thus |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | acid excitotoxicity thus demonstrating a cause_amp_#x2013 effect relationship between neuronal COX-2 expression and excitotoxicity |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | in rats gave further evidence of a neuroprotective effect of COX |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | The COX-2 selective inhibitor rofecoxib significantly reduced kainate-induced cell death in the |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Another selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib was effective in reducing electroshock-induced convulsions in rats |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | (febrile)-induced febrile -induced seizures no reports on the effects of COX-2 inhibitors on epileptic seizures in humans have appeared |
| 620 | APP | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (peptidase nexin-II, Alzheimer disease) | amyloid | 1.5 | The accumulation and aggregation of _amp_#x3b2 -amyloid peptide is believed to be an important event in the |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | The involvement of COX and LOX pathways in AD has been extensively studied in |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | The involvement of COX and LOX pathways in AD has been extensively studied in brain tissue |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | A marked increase of COX-1 and COX-2 expression and immunoreactivity in cerebral cortex and hippocampal |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | A marked increase of COX-1 and COX-2 expression and immunoreactivity in cerebral cortex and hippocampal |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | A marked increase of COX-1 and COX-2 expression and immunoreactivity in cerebral cortex and hippocampal regions of |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | The neuroprotective effects of COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors (NSAID) NSAID strongly support the view that |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | The neuroprotective effects of COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors (NSAID) NSAID strongly support the view that |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | The neuroprotective effects of COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors (NSAID) NSAID strongly support the view that upregulation of |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | The molecular mechanism by which COX-1 and COX-2 promote amyloidogenic accumulation of _amp_#x3b2 -amyloid peptide is |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | The molecular mechanism by which COX-1 and COX-2 promote amyloidogenic accumulation of _amp_#x3b2 -amyloid peptide is |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | The molecular mechanism by which COX-1 and COX-2 promote amyloidogenic accumulation of _amp_#x3b2 -amyloid peptide is not fully |
| 620 | APP | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (peptidase nexin-II, Alzheimer disease) | amyloid | 1.5 | by which COX-1 and COX-2 promote amyloidogenic accumulation of _amp_#x3b2 -amyloid peptide is not fully understood |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | COX-1 and COX-2 potentiate _amp_#x3b2 -amyloid peptide generation through mechanisms that |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | COX-1 and COX-2 potentiate _amp_#x3b2 -amyloid peptide generation through mechanisms that |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | COX-1 and COX-2 potentiate _amp_#x3b2 -amyloid peptide generation through mechanisms that involve _amp_#x3b3 |
| 620 | APP | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (peptidase nexin-II, Alzheimer disease) | amyloid | 1.5 | COX-1 and COX-2 potentiate _amp_#x3b2 -amyloid peptide generation through mechanisms that involve _amp_#x3b3 -secretase activity ( |
| 620 | APP | amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein (peptidase nexin-II, Alzheimer disease) | amyloid | 1.5 | synthesis and _amp_#x3b3 -secretase activity may not only modulate _amp_#x3b2 -amyloid peptide deposition but also induce neuroinflammation in AD brain ( |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Furthermore COX-2 expression is also involved in regulation of cell cycle activity |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2-mediated | 2.3 | Re-entry into the cell cycle may underlie COX-2-mediated neuronal damage in AD ( Xiang et al. 2002 |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | Upregulation of 5-LOX expression has also been reported to occur in various regions |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | The significance of 5-LOX upregulation in aged rat brain remains unknown |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | However increased 5-LOX activity may make neurons vulnerable to various insults including excitotoxicity |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | Based on these findings 5-LOX gene polymorphism has been proposed for the onset of AD |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | At present no information is available on EPOX activity and expression in AD brain |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | indicate that arachidonic-acid-mediated neuronal death can be prevented by the LOX inhibitors nordihydroguaiaretic acid AA861 and baicalein and the EPOX inhibitors |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | the LOX inhibitors nordihydroguaiaretic acid AA861 and baicalein and the EPOX inhibitors SKF25A and metyrapone but not by the COX inhibitors |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | the EPOX inhibitors SKF25A and metyrapone but not by the COX inhibitors indomethacin and NS-398 |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | This suggests that LOX and EPOX pathways may also be involved in LOX- and |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | This suggests that LOX and EPOX pathways may also be involved in LOX- and EPOX-generated metabolite-induced |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX-generated | 1.6 | and EPOX pathways may also be involved in LOX- and EPOX-generated metabolite-induced neurodegeneration ( Kwon et al. 2005 |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX- | 0.1 | that LOX and EPOX pathways may also be involved in LOX- and EPOX-generated metabolite-induced neurodegeneration ( Kwon et al. 2005 |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | The neuroprotective effects of LOX and EPOX inhibitors may relate to downregulation of free radical |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | The neuroprotective effects of LOX and EPOX inhibitors may relate to downregulation of free radical formation under |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | disease is characterized by a prominent neuroinflammatory component upregulation of COX-2 mRNA and oxidative stress ( Yasojima et al. 2001 |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD1 | 2.9 | Mutations in Cu/Zn Cu Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) SOD1 gene have been reported to occur in familial form of |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Upregulation of COX-2 mRNA also occurs in SOD1 transgenic mice at the onset |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD1 | 2.9 | Upregulation of COX-2 mRNA also occurs in SOD1 transgenic mice at the onset of ALS ( Almer et |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD1 | 2.9 | It is not known why mutations of SOD1 are related to the antioxidant activity that leads to ALS |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | cell culture model of ALS the addition of a selective COX-2 inhibitor SC236 blocked the destruction of motor neurons ( Drachman |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | of motor neurons ( Drachman and Rothstein 2000 suggesting that COX-2 may play an important role in inflammatory processes in ALS |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Similarly treatment with celecoxib another COX-2 inhibitor prolongs the survival of neurons in the SOD1 mouse |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD1 | 2.9 | another COX-2 inhibitor prolongs the survival of neurons in the SOD1 mouse model of ALS ( Drachman et al. 2002 |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Although upregulation of COX-2 and PGE 2 levels may not be the root cause |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | At present information on LOX and EPOX expression and their activities is not available for |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | At present information on LOX and EPOX expression and their activities is not available for the ALS |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | SOD | 2.9 | has increased lipid peroxidation iron levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) SOD activity |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | At present nothing is known about the expression of COX-2 in patients with PD |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | However involvement of COX-2 in the pathogenesis of PD has been explored in an |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | 2 3 6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) MPTP as well as in COX-2 gene knockout mice ( Feng et al. 2003 and Teismann |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2-deficient | 0.3 | mortality rate has been reported after MPTP injection in heterozygous COX-2-deficient mice than in the wild-type mice and inhibition of COX-2 |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | COX-2-deficient mice than in the wild-type mice and inhibition of COX-2 protein expression decreases the lesions caused by MPTP and protects |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2-mediated | 2.3 | The molecular mechanism associated with COX-2-mediated neurodegeneration in animal models of PD remains unknown |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | However COX-2 inhibition may prevent the formation of the oxidant species of |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | No information is available on LOX and EPOX expression and activities in PD brains |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | No information is available on LOX and EPOX expression and activities in PD brains |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | The involvement of LOX and EPOX in the pathogenesis of PD has been studied |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | The involvement of LOX and EPOX in the pathogenesis of PD has been studied in glutathione |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | A decrease in GSH triggers the activation of neuronal 12-LOX resulting in the production of 12-LOX-generated products and peroxides ( |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | Treatment of cell cultures with 12-LOX inhibitors blocks neuronal cell death induced by GSH depletion |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | This suggests that a LOX pathway is associated with neuronal degeneration in PD |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | Involvement of EPOX in the pathogenesis of PD has also been studied |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | Collective evidence suggests that changes in COX LOX and EPOX activities may not be the primary effect |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | Collective evidence suggests that changes in COX LOX and EPOX activities may not be the primary effect but |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | Collective evidence suggests that changes in COX LOX and EPOX activities may not be the primary effect but a secondary |
| 9449 | PRNP | prion protein (p27-30) (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann-Strausler-Scheinker syndrome, fatal familial insomnia) | PrP | 1.1 | accumulation of abnormal extracellular _amp_#x3b2 -helix rich prion protein (PrP PrP sc characterize CJD |
| 9449 | PRNP | prion protein (p27-30) (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann-Strausler-Scheinker syndrome, fatal familial insomnia) | PrP | 1.1 | isoform of a normally occurring _amp_#x3b1 -helix-rich prion protein (PrP PrP c whose function has not been clearly elucidated ( Brown |
| 9449 | PRNP | prion protein (p27-30) (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann-Strausler-Scheinker syndrome, fatal familial insomnia) | PrP | 1.1 | It is proposed that PrP c is associated with synaptic function circadian rhythms regulation and |
| 9449 | PRNP | prion protein (p27-30) (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann-Strausler-Scheinker syndrome, fatal familial insomnia) | PrP | 1.1 | The observation that PrP c regulates Cu 2 /Zn Zn 2 superoxide dismutase suggests |
| 9449 | PRNP | prion protein (p27-30) (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann-Strausler-Scheinker syndrome, fatal familial insomnia) | PrP | 1.1 | regulates Cu 2 /Zn Zn 2 superoxide dismutase suggests that PrP c is involved in redox balance |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | Using RT-PCR and Western blotting both COX-1 and COX-2 are significantly increased in brains from CJD patients |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Using RT-PCR and Western blotting both COX-1 and COX-2 are significantly increased in brains from CJD patients |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Using RT-PCR and Western blotting both COX-1 and COX-2 are significantly increased in brains from CJD patients compared to |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | and in brain homogenates of scrapie-infected mice the upregulation of COX-1 and COX-2 is accompanied by a several-fold increase in concentrations |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | and in brain homogenates of scrapie-infected mice the upregulation of COX-1 and COX-2 is accompanied by a several-fold increase in concentrations |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | brain homogenates of scrapie-infected mice the upregulation of COX-1 and COX-2 is accompanied by a several-fold increase in concentrations of PGE |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | The 5-LOX pathway may mediate the PrP106_amp_#x2013 126 toxicity |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | the observation that PrP106_amp_#x2013 126-mediated neurodegeneration can be blocked by 5-LOX inhibitors such as nordihydroguaiaretic acid and caffeic acid |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX-mediated | 1.6 | PrP106_amp_#x2013 126-induced caspase-3 activation and annexin V binding involved in 5-LOX-mediated apoptosis |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | In contrast indomethacin a COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor and baicalein a 12-LOX inhibitor do not |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | In contrast indomethacin a COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor and baicalein a 12-LOX inhibitor do not |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | In contrast indomethacin a COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor and baicalein a 12-LOX inhibitor do not affect PrP106_amp_#x2013 |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | contrast indomethacin a COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor and baicalein a 12-LOX inhibitor do not affect PrP106_amp_#x2013 126-induced neurotoxicity in cerebellar granule |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | These observations implicate 5-LOX in the pathophysiology of CJD |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | Information on the involvement of EPOX in CJD is not available |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | Future perspectives interactions among multiple forms of COX LOX and EPOX and their relationship to upstream PLA 2 |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | Future perspectives interactions among multiple forms of COX LOX and EPOX and their relationship to upstream PLA 2 isoforms |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | Future perspectives interactions among multiple forms of COX LOX and EPOX and their relationship to upstream PLA 2 isoforms and downstream |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | Although transcripts activities and immunoreactive proteins for COX LOX and EPOX are widely expressed throughout the brain very |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | Although transcripts activities and immunoreactive proteins for COX LOX and EPOX are widely expressed throughout the brain very little |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | Although transcripts activities and immunoreactive proteins for COX LOX and EPOX are widely expressed throughout the brain very little is known |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | The occurrence of isoforms of COX LOX and EPOX enzymes in cytoplasm and other subcellular organelles |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | The occurrence of isoforms of COX LOX and EPOX enzymes in cytoplasm and other subcellular organelles (plasma |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | The occurrence of isoforms of COX LOX and EPOX enzymes in cytoplasm and other subcellular organelles (plasma plasma and |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | The multiplicity of COX LOX and EPOX enzymes in brain tissue provides diversity in |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | The multiplicity of COX LOX and EPOX enzymes in brain tissue provides diversity in their |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | The multiplicity of COX LOX and EPOX enzymes in brain tissue provides diversity in their function and |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | In astrocytes TGF_amp_#x3b2 1 upregulates COX-1 expression and serum increases COX-2 expression |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | In astrocytes TGF_amp_#x3b2 1 upregulates COX-1 expression and serum increases COX-2 expression |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | Neither TGF_amp_#x3b2 1 nor serum affects COX-1 and COX-2 expression in neurons |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Neither TGF_amp_#x3b2 1 nor serum affects COX-1 and COX-2 expression in neurons |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Neither TGF_amp_#x3b2 1 nor serum affects COX-1 and COX-2 expression in neurons |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | Furthermore COX-1 compensates for the loss of COX-2 in the COX-2 knockout |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Furthermore COX-1 compensates for the loss of COX-2 in the COX-2 knockout (COX-2 COX-2 _amp_#x2212;/_amp_#x2212; _amp_#x2212 _amp_#x2212 mouse |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Furthermore COX-1 compensates for the loss of COX-2 in the COX-2 knockout (COX-2 COX-2 _amp_#x2212;/_amp_#x2212; _amp_#x2212 _amp_#x2212 mouse brain |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | for the loss of COX-2 in the COX-2 knockout (COX-2 COX-2 _amp_#x2212;/_amp_#x2212; _amp_#x2212 _amp_#x2212 mouse brain |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 16.2 | Thus COX-2 _amp_#x2212;/_amp_#x2212; _amp_#x2212 _amp_#x2212 shows a compensatory increase in brain COX-1 |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 4.9 | COX-2 _amp_#x2212;/_amp_#x2212; _amp_#x2212 _amp_#x2212 shows a compensatory increase in brain COX-1 expression and activity (with with exogenous arachidonic acid in brain |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5-LOX | 4.7 | Similarly neuronal and astrocytic 5-LOX 12-LOX and 15-LOX and EPOX isozymes differ considerably in responses |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12-LOX | 3.1 | Similarly neuronal and astrocytic 5-LOX 12-LOX and 15-LOX and EPOX isozymes differ considerably in responses to |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | Similarly neuronal and astrocytic 5-LOX 12-LOX and 15-LOX and EPOX isozymes differ considerably in responses to exogenous stimuli ( Funk |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | This behavior complicates the analysis of COX LOX and EPOX function at cellular and subcellular levels |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | This behavior complicates the analysis of COX LOX and EPOX function at cellular and subcellular levels |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | This behavior complicates the analysis of COX LOX and EPOX function at cellular and subcellular levels |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | when one considers the coupling mechanisms of various isoforms of COX LOX and EPOX with different receptors at cellular and subcellular |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | one considers the coupling mechanisms of various isoforms of COX LOX and EPOX with different receptors at cellular and subcellular levels |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | the coupling mechanisms of various isoforms of COX LOX and EPOX with different receptors at cellular and subcellular levels and tries |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | Some isoforms of COX LOX and EPOX are constitutively expressed while others are inducible |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | Some isoforms of COX LOX and EPOX are constitutively expressed while others are inducible in |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | Some isoforms of COX LOX and EPOX are constitutively expressed while others are inducible in response to |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | The isoforms of COX LOX and EPOX may not function interchangeably but act in |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | The isoforms of COX LOX and EPOX may not function interchangeably but act in parallel |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | The isoforms of COX LOX and EPOX may not function interchangeably but act in parallel to transducer |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | It is likely that various isoforms of COX LOX and EPOX act on different cellular pools of arachidonic |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | It is likely that various isoforms of COX LOX and EPOX act on different cellular pools of arachidonic acid |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | It is likely that various isoforms of COX LOX and EPOX act on different cellular pools of arachidonic acid located in |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | Thus the interactions among COX LOX and EPOX-generated metabolites at plasma membrane cytoplasmic and nuclear |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | Thus the interactions among COX LOX and EPOX-generated metabolites at plasma membrane cytoplasmic and nuclear membrane |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX-generated | 1.6 | Thus the interactions among COX LOX and EPOX-generated metabolites at plasma membrane cytoplasmic and nuclear membrane levels may |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | tempting to speculate that coordinated cross talk not only among COX LOX and EPOX isozymes but also with upstream PLA 2 |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | to speculate that coordinated cross talk not only among COX LOX and EPOX isozymes but also with upstream PLA 2 isozymes |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | that coordinated cross talk not only among COX LOX and EPOX isozymes but also with upstream PLA 2 isozymes and downstream |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | In the nuclear membrane and nucleus COX LOX and EPOX-mediated signaling has the advantage over plasma membrane |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | In the nuclear membrane and nucleus COX LOX and EPOX-mediated signaling has the advantage over plasma membrane signaling |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX-mediated | 1.6 | In the nuclear membrane and nucleus COX LOX and EPOX-mediated signaling has the advantage over plasma membrane signaling in that |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | In brain tissue the activities of COX LOX and EPOX isoforms may depend not only on the |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | In brain tissue the activities of COX LOX and EPOX isoforms may depend not only on the structural |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | In brain tissue the activities of COX LOX and EPOX isoforms may depend not only on the structural physico-chemical and |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | The ability of COX LOX and EPOX isoforms to orchestrate complex prostaglandin leukotriene HETE |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | The ability of COX LOX and EPOX isoforms to orchestrate complex prostaglandin leukotriene HETE and |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | The ability of COX LOX and EPOX isoforms to orchestrate complex prostaglandin leukotriene HETE and EET-mediated physiologic |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | The activation of COX LOX and EPOX isoforms at a subcellular level in neural |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | The activation of COX LOX and EPOX isoforms at a subcellular level in neural cells |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | The activation of COX LOX and EPOX isoforms at a subcellular level in neural cells is the |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | Therefore a strict regulation of COX LOX and EPOX isozymes is very important for normal brain |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | Therefore a strict regulation of COX LOX and EPOX isozymes is very important for normal brain function |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | Therefore a strict regulation of COX LOX and EPOX isozymes is very important for normal brain function |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | As stated above the regulation of COX LOX and EPOX activities is complex and mediated by several |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | As stated above the regulation of COX LOX and EPOX activities is complex and mediated by several factors |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | As stated above the regulation of COX LOX and EPOX activities is complex and mediated by several factors including translocation |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | To understand the contribution of isoforms of COX LOX and EPOX in physiological and disease processes a systematic |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | To understand the contribution of isoforms of COX LOX and EPOX in physiological and disease processes a systematic approach |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | To understand the contribution of isoforms of COX LOX and EPOX in physiological and disease processes a systematic approach will be |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | The enzymic mechanisms include three systems COX isozymes which synthesize prostaglandins LOX isozymes which generate hydroxyl derivatives |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | enzymic mechanisms include three systems COX isozymes which synthesize prostaglandins LOX isozymes which generate hydroxyl derivatives and leukotrienes and EPOX isozymes |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | prostaglandins LOX isozymes which generate hydroxyl derivatives and leukotrienes and EPOX isozymes which produce epoxyeicosatrienoic products |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | ischemia AD PD ALS and CJD stimulation and upregulation of COX LOX and EPOX isozyme activities and the generation of excessive |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | AD PD ALS and CJD stimulation and upregulation of COX LOX and EPOX isozyme activities and the generation of excessive amounts |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | ALS and CJD stimulation and upregulation of COX LOX and EPOX isozyme activities and the generation of excessive amounts of prostaglandins |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | These metabolites not only antagonize the effect of COX LOX and EPOX-generated products but also counteract leukocyte infiltration and |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | These metabolites not only antagonize the effect of COX LOX and EPOX-generated products but also counteract leukocyte infiltration and proinflammatory |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX-generated | 1.6 | metabolites not only antagonize the effect of COX LOX and EPOX-generated products but also counteract leukocyte infiltration and proinflammatory gene expression |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 2.9 | Elevated activities of isoforms of COX LOX and EPOX at cellular and subcellular levels in ischemia |
| 6664 | LOX | lysyl oxidase | LOX | 3.3 | Elevated activities of isoforms of COX LOX and EPOX at cellular and subcellular levels in ischemia and |
| 3401 | EPHX1 | epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) | EPOX | 2.9 | Elevated activities of isoforms of COX LOX and EPOX at cellular and subcellular levels in ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | three forms of cox enzymes designated as cox 1 cox 2 and cox 3 occur in mammalian tissues. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | inflammatory mediators such as cytokines growth factors and bacterial endotoxin rapidly induce cox 2 which is normally undetectable in healthy tissues. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | cox 2 is constitutively expressed in the kidney stomach and brain hoffmann 2000 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | cox 1 and cox 2 are homodimers. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | cox 1 contains val at the 434 and 523 positions whereas cox 2 has ile at positions 434 and 523. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | these differences in amino acid sequences may result in larger and more flexible substrate and inhibitor binding sites in cox 2 than in cox 1 kurumbail et al. 1996 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | the amino acid sequences of cox 1 and cox 2 also differ from each other at the n and c termini. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | cox 2 lacks a 17 amino acid sequence at the n terminus but has an extra 18 amino acid sequence at the c terminus. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | thus the active site of cox 2 is larger and more accommodating than that of cox 1 and cox 1 displays negative allosterism at low concentrations of aa. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | this property may be responsible for greater eicosanoid production by cox 2 when the aa concentration is low smith et al. 2000 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | aa is the preferred substrate for cox 1 and cox 2. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | the cox 2 gene is 8.3 kb whereas the cox 1 gene is much larger 22 kb vane et al. 1998 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | cox 1 mrna is approximately 2.8 kb while cox 2 mrna is approximately 4.0 kb. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | analysis of the 5_amp_#x2032; flanking untranslated regions of cox 1 and cox 2 indicates that the cox 1 gene is associated with housekeeping activities whereas the cox 2 gene is involved in response related activities. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | the 5_amp_#x2032; flanking region of the cox 2 gene has a tata box 30 base pairs upstream from the transcription start site tazawa et al. 1994 whereas the same region in the cox 1 gene has no canonic tata box wu 1995 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | the cox 2 gene also contains a number of putative regulatory sites including the cyclic amp response element il 6 response element ap 2 nuclear factor _amp_#x3ba;b nf _amp_#x3ba;b sp 1 pea 3 gata 1 and glucoco |
| 11742 | TFAP2A | transcription factor AP-2 alpha (activating enhancer binding protein 2 alpha) | ap 2 | 1.0 | the cox 2 gene also contains a number of putative regulatory sites including the cyclic amp response element il 6 response element ap 2 nuclear factor _amp_#x3ba;b nf _amp_#x3ba;b sp 1 pea 3 gata 1 and glucocorticoid response element wu 1995 . |
| 6018 | IL6 | interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2) | il 6 | 1.0 | the cox 2 gene also contains a number of putative regulatory sites including the cyclic amp response element il 6 response element ap 2 nuclear factor _amp_#x3ba;b nf _amp_#x3ba;b sp 1 pea 3 gata 1 and glucocorticoid response element wu 1995 . |
| 5962 | IL10 | interleukin 10 | il 10 | 1.0 | thus factors that inhibit nf _amp_#x3ba;b activity such as il 4 il 10 and il 13 can specifically inhibit cox 2 upregulation. |
| 5973 | IL13 | interleukin 13 | il 13 | 1.0 | thus factors that inhibit nf _amp_#x3ba;b activity such as il 4 il 10 and il 13 can specifically inhibit cox 2 upregulation. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | thus factors that inhibit nf _amp_#x3ba;b activity such as il 4 il 10 and il 13 can specifically inhibit cox 2 upregulation. |
| 6014 | IL4 | interleukin 4 | il 4 | 1.0 | thus factors that inhibit nf _amp_#x3ba;b activity such as il 4 il 10 and il 13 can specifically inhibit cox 2 upregulation. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | the cox 1 gene also has some putative regulatory sites such as sp 1 ap 2 nf il 6 gata 1 and a shear stress response element but the location of these sites differs considerably from those in the cox 2 gene. |
| 11742 | TFAP2A | transcription factor AP-2 alpha (activating enhancer binding protein 2 alpha) | ap 2 | 1.0 | the cox 1 gene also has some putative regulatory sites such as sp 1 ap 2 nf il 6 gata 1 and a shear stress response element but the location of these sites differs considerably from those in the cox 2 gene. |
| 6018 | IL6 | interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2) | il 6 | 1.0 | the cox 1 gene also has some putative regulatory sites such as sp 1 ap 2 nf il 6 gata 1 and a shear stress response element but the location of these sites differs considerably from those in the cox 2 gene. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | cox 1 does not respond to nf _amp_#x3ba;b as intensely as cox 2. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | in rat and ovine brain cox 1 and cox 2 immunoreactivities are present in discrete neuronal populations distributed in distinct areas of cerebral cortex midbrain and hippocampus. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | cox 1 immunoreactivity is enriched in midbrain pons and medulla breder et al. 1995 whereas cox 2 immunoreactivity prevails in neurons and glial cells of hippocampus hypothalamus and amygdala andreasson et al. 2001 and yamagata et al. 1993 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | in neurons astrocytes and microglial cells cox 2 immunoreactivity is localized to the perinuclear regions tomimoto et al. 2000 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | the expression of cox 2 is markedly increased in microglial cells after intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide lps whereas neuronal cox 2 remains unchanged elmquist et al. 1997 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | in microglial cells cox 2 expression and ability to release pge 2 txa 2 and txb 2 upon stimulation by lps are several times higher than in astrocytes but lower than in peripheral macrophages giulian et al. 1996 and minghetti |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | cox 2 induction in microglia by proinflammatory stimuli is apparently similar to peripheral macrophages and plays important roles in inflammatory and immune responses. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | although different pharmacological properties have been described for cox 3 compared with cox 1 or cox 2 enzymes many investigators consider it to be a splice variant of cox 1 chandrasekharan et al. 2002 and davies et al. 2004 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | comparison of canine cox 3 activity with murine cox 1 and cox 2 demonstrates that analgesic/antipyretic drugs such as acetaminophen phenacetin antipyrine and dipyrone selectively inhibit cox 3 and some nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs potently inhibit cox 3. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | ce analysis indicated that the 98 base pair intron 1 of cox 1 gene remains unprocessed in cox 3 inducing a frameshift mutation and a 127 amino acid open reading frame with no sequence similarity with cox 2 snipes et al. 2005 . |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | the biosynthesis of leukotrienes including 5 hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid 5 hete involves 5 lox. 12 lox the most common lox in the brain hambrecht et al. 1987 with its mrna present in rat cortical neurons astrocytes and oligodendrocytes bendani et al. 1995 generates predominantly 12 hydroxyeico |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lox | 1.0 | the biosynthesis of leukotrienes including 5 hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid 5 hete involves 5 lox. 12 lox the most common lox in the brain hambrecht et al. 1987 with its mrna present in rat cortical neurons astrocytes and oligodendrocytes bendani et al. 1995 generates predominantly 12 hydroxyeicosatetrae |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | they include 5 lox 12 lox and 15 lox. 12 lox catalyzes the stereospecific incorporation of molecular oxygen into the c 12 position of aa to generate 12 hpete which is reduced by cellular glutathione peroxidase to 12 he |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lox | 1.0 | they include 5 lox 12 lox and 15 lox. 12 lox catalyzes the stereospecific incorporation of molecular oxygen into the c 12 position of aa to generate 12 hpete which is reduced by cellular glutathione peroxidase to 12 hete li et al. 1997 . 12 lox |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lox | 1.0 | catalyzes the stereospecific incorporation of molecular oxygen into the c 12 position of aa to generate 12 hpete which is reduced by cellular glutathione peroxidase to 12 hete li et al. 1997 . 12 lox has been cloned and characterized from rat brain watanabe et al. 1993 . |
| 4553 | GPX1 | glutathione peroxidase 1 | cellular glutathione peroxidase | 1.0 | they include 5 lox 12 lox and 15 lox. 12 lox catalyzes the stereospecific incorporation of molecular oxygen into the c 12 position of aa to generate 12 hpete which is reduced by cellular glutathione peroxidase to 12 hete li et al. 1997 . 12 lox has been cloned and characterized from rat brain watanabe et al. 1993 . |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lipoxygenase | 1.0 | rat brain 12 lipoxygenase contains six conserved histidines characteristic for all cloned lipoxygenases. |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lipoxygenase | 1.0 | it displays the highest degree of identity to porcine leukocyte 12 lipoxygenase 71% and to human 15 lipoxygenase 75% but has less resemblance to human platelet 12 lipoxygenase 59% or rat leukocyte 5 lipoxygenase 41% . |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lipoxygenase | 1.0 | a part of the brain 12 lipoxygenase cdna is used as a probe in northern blots. |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lipoxygenase | 1.0 | sequencing of parts of the corresponding cdnas from other rat tissues and their comparison with brain 12 lipoxygenase indicates that mrnas from the different rat tissues are identical watanabe et al. 1993 . |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | 5 lox and 15 lox have also been sequenced from several non neural sources dixon et al. 1988 matsumoto et al. 1988 and sigal et al. 1988 . |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | they have a molecular mass of 78 kda and share considerable homology with 5 lox and 15 lox from soybean. |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | 5 lox is present in brain tissue and neural cells in the cytoplasm. |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | upon cell activation leading to leukotriene synthesis 5 lox translocates from the cytoplasm to the nuclear envelope. |
| 4566 | GRB2 | growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 | growth factor receptor bound protein 2 | 1.0 | nd other microsomal glutathione transferases but has no enzymic activity itself. 5 lox also contains an src homology 3 sh3 binding motif which may be involved in the interaction of 5 lox protein with growth factor receptor bound protein 2 grb2 lepley et al. 1996 . |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | flap shows homology with ltc 4 synthase and other microsomal glutathione transferases but has no enzymic activity itself. 5 lox also contains an src homology 3 sh3 binding motif which may be involved in the interaction of 5 lox protein with growth factor receptor bound protein 2 grb2 lepley et al. 1996 . |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | also contains an src homology 3 sh3 binding motif which may be involved in the interaction of 5 lox protein with growth factor receptor bound protein 2 grb2 lepley et al. 1996 . |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | in cerebellar granule neurons dexamethasone a glucocorticoid increases 5 lox mrna and protein contents 3 h after treatment and this increase persists for at least 24 h. |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | the glucocorticoid antagonist ru486 blocks the stimulatory effect of dexamethasone on 5 lox expression indicating that dexamethasone increases 5 lox expression in a glucocorticoid receptor dependent manner uz et al. 2001 . |
| 7978 | NR3C1 | nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 (glucocorticoid receptor) | glucocorticoid receptor | 1.0 | the glucocorticoid antagonist ru486 blocks the stimulatory effect of dexamethasone on 5 lox expression indicating that dexamethasone increases 5 lox expression in a glucocorticoid receptor dependent manner uz et al. 2001 . |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | these studies also indicate that dexamethasone increases the stability of 5 lox mrna. |
| 11609 | TBXAS1 | thromboxane A synthase 1 (platelet, cytochrome P450, family 5, subfamily A) | cytochrome p450 | 1.0 | cytochrome p450 epoxygenases epox |
| 11609 | TBXAS1 | thromboxane A synthase 1 (platelet, cytochrome P450, family 5, subfamily A) | cytochrome p450 | 1.0 | in addition to the cox and lox pathways the cytochrome p450 cyp450 pathways also catalyze arachidonic acid conversion to biologically active compounds by an nadph dependent oxidative reaction coon 2005 and kroetz and xu 2005 . |
| 11609 | TBXAS1 | thromboxane A synthase 1 (platelet, cytochrome P450, family 5, subfamily A) | cytochrome p450 | 1.0 | although the levels of various cytochrome p450 enzymes in brain are low it has been shown that these enzymes are expressed at relatively high levels in astrocytes peng et al. 2004 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | in addition adenovirus mediated cyp2c9 gene transfection and epox overexpression in endothelial cells result in endothelial cell tube formation by stimulating cox 2 expression and prostacyclin production michaelis et al. 2005 . |
| 8975 | PIK3CA | phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic, alpha polypeptide | pi3 kinase | 1.0 | in endothelial cell cultures the overexpression of epox upregulates both endothelial nitric oxide synthase enos and pi3 kinase/akt pathways. |
| 7876 | NOS3 | nitric oxide synthase 3 (endothelial cell) | endothelial nitric oxide synthase | 1.0 | in endothelial cell cultures the overexpression of epox upregulates both endothelial nitric oxide synthase enos and pi3 kinase/akt pathways. |
| 8975 | PIK3CA | phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic, alpha polypeptide | pi3 kinase | 1.0 | not only enos inhibitors but also pi3 kinase/akt signaling pathway inhibitors can prevent this upregulation by epox. |
| 8975 | PIK3CA | phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic, alpha polypeptide | pi3 kinase | 1.0 | this indicates that both enos and pi3 kinase/akt pathways may mediate the angiogenic effects of eets kawasaki et al. 2003 . |
| 8975 | PIK3CA | phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic, alpha polypeptide | pi3 kinase | 1.0 | collectively these studies suggest that epox derived eets modulate angiogenesis via a nitric oxide dependent mechanism as well as via activation of pi3 kinase and mark pathways wang et al. 2003 and wang et al. 2005b . |
| 11609 | TBXAS1 | thromboxane A synthase 1 (platelet, cytochrome P450, family 5, subfamily A) | cytochrome p450 | 1.0 | studies on astroglial cytochrome p450 expression suggest a putative capacity of these enzymes to metabolize in situ psychoactive or lipophilic xenobiotics that are associated with pharmacological and/or toxicological consequences. |
| 11609 | TBXAS1 | thromboxane A synthase 1 (platelet, cytochrome P450, family 5, subfamily A) | cytochrome p450 | 1.0 | astrocytes appear to be the most active steroidogenic cells in the brain expressing neurosteroidogenic cytochrome p450 and producing various neurosteroids. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | the first phase of arachidonic acid release involves the expression and stimulation of ipla 2 with the generation of pge 2 ltb 4 and paf through cox 2 lox and acetyl coa acetyltransferase reactions respectively. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | pla 2 cox 2 and lox inhibitors have been used to treat acute inflammation and pain de gaetano et al. 2003 farooqui et al. in press and yeo et al. 2004 in various animal models of pain mediated by inflammation. |
| 11892 | TNF | tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) | tumor necrosis factor | 1.0 | the d class resolvins block tumor necrosis factor _amp_#x3b1; induced interleukin il 1_amp_#x3b2; transcripts and are potent regulators of pmn infiltration in brain serhan et al. 2004 . |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lox | 1.0 | the action of 12 lox produces lipid hydroperoxides. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | cox 1 and cox 2 play a central role in the induction of nociception produced by injections of complete freund's adjuvant or carrageenan into the paw hay et al. 1997 ichitani et al. 1997 and ito et al. 2001b . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | an increase in the expression of cox 2 activity accompanies the induction of nociception svensson and yaksh 2002 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | cox 2 expression and its activity in neuropathic pain are controversial. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | cox 2 levels in the dorsal spinal cord increase following a l5/l6 spinal nerve ligation zhao et al. 2000 and intrathecal or local injections of cox 2 inhibitors prevent the development of nociception. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | in contrast only a very small change in spinal cord cox 2 mrna and protein expression follows the spared nerve injury model of partial nerve injury in the rat and selective cox 2 inhibition does not alter the nociception. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | this indicates that cox 2 does not play a role in the development and maintenance of nociception broom et al. 2004 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | this suggests that nociception is modulated by interactions between central as well as peripheral nociceptive mechanisms and both mechanisms involve cox 2 generated metabolites. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | nmda receptor dependent synaptic activity dynamically regulates the expression of the cox 2 gene in brain. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | during ltp induction the most abundant prostaglandins generated in the brain through cox 1/cox 2 pathways pge 2 pgf 2a and pgd 2 are modulators of synaptic activity and efficacy by exerting their paracrine effect through pre and postsynaptic receptors and their autocrine effect through intraneur |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | the observation that cox 2 inhibitors block the induction of ltp in hippocampal dentate granules neurons supports this suggestion chen et al. 2002 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | the addition of pge 2 but not pgd 2 or pgf 2_amp_#x3b1; reverses cox 2 mediated suppression of ltp. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | these studies suggest that pge 2 is the effector of cox 2 induced synaptic plasticity. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | the translocation of cox 2 to the nuclear envelope during neural cell stimulation generates eicosanoids that are involved in gene expression morita et al. 1995 and vane et al. 1998 . |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lox | 1.0 | thus in mechanosensory neurons of the marine mollusk aplysia californica 12 lox metabolites act as second messengers and participate in communication with local groups of cells. |
| 9393 | PRKCA | protein kinase C, alpha | protein kinase c | 1.0 | hpetes and leukotrienes generated by 5 lox and 12 lox inhibit neurotransmitter release by modulating calcium and protein kinase c activity and affect synaptic activity and efficacy wolfe and horrocks 1994 . |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | hpetes and leukotrienes generated by 5 lox and 12 lox inhibit neurotransmitter release by modulating calcium and protein kinase c activity and affect synaptic activity and efficacy wolfe and horrocks 1994 . |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lox | 1.0 | hpetes and leukotrienes generated by 5 lox and 12 lox inhibit neurotransmitter release by modulating calcium and protein kinase c activity and affect synaptic activity and efficacy wolfe and horrocks 1994 . |
| 800 | ATP1A2 | ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 2 (+) polypeptide | sodium potassium atpase | 1.0 | inhibition of sodium potassium atpase by 4 hne can result in the depolarization of neuronal membranes leading to the opening of nmda receptor channels and the influx of additional calcium into the cell kadoya et al. 2003 . 4 hne induces |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | by 4 hne can result in the depolarization of neuronal membranes leading to the opening of nmda receptor channels and the influx of additional calcium into the cell kadoya et al. 2003 . 4 hne induces cox 2 expression in macrophages. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | the expression of cox 2 plays an important role in the intensification of inflammatory responses in brain tissue. |
| 9393 | PRKCA | protein kinase C, alpha | protein kinase c | 1.0 | arachidonic acid is metabolized to eicosanoids diacylglycerol activates protein kinase c and inositol 1 4 5 trisphosphate mobilizes calcium from intracellular stores ishii and shimizu 2000 and izumi and shimizu 1995 . |
| 8975 | PIK3CA | phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic, alpha polypeptide | phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase | 1.0 | paf stimulates phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase and mitogen activated protein map kinase and inhibits adenylate cyclase. |
| 6872 | MAPK10 | mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 | map kinase | 1.0 | paf stimulates phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase and mitogen activated protein map kinase and inhibits adenylate cyclase. |
| 21285 | ADCY10 | adenylate cyclase 10 (soluble) | adenylate cyclase | 1.0 | paf stimulates phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase and mitogen activated protein map kinase and inhibits adenylate cyclase. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | paf also stimulates the inducible isoform of cox 2 bazan et al. 1993 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | an immediate early gene encodes cox 2 which is responsible for prostaglandin synthesis in neuropathological processes. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | preincubation of cells with paf antagonist bn 50730 blocks stimulation of the immediate early gene responsible for cox 2 bazan et al. 1997 . |
| 9717 | PXMP3 | peroxisomal membrane protein 3, 35kDa (Zellweger syndrome) | paf 1 | 1.0 | in rats the administration of paf antagonists impairs spatial learning and inhibitory avoidance tests while treatment with a synthetic non hydrolyzable analog of paf 1 o hexadecyl 2 methylcarbamoyl sn glycerol 3 phosphocholine enhances memory packard et al. 1996 . |
| 9040 | PLA2G7 | phospholipase A2, group VII (platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, plasma) | platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase | 1.0 | a mutation of platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase in man causes a devastating neuro developmental syndrome miller_amp_#x2013;dieker lissencephaly or miller_amp_#x2013;dieker syndrome mds . |
| 9040 | PLA2G7 | phospholipase A2, group VII (platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, plasma) | platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase | 1.0 | these patients have a thick cerebral cortex that is formed without its usual folds indicating that platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase plays a crucial role in brain development. |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lipoxygenase | 1.0 | 12 hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid 12 hete is a product of 12 lipoxygenase's action on arachidonic acid. |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | arachidonate 12 lipoxygenase | 1.0 | a cdna encoding for arachidonate 12 lipoxygenase was identified in rat brain. |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lipoxygenase | 1.0 | a cdna encoding for arachidonate 12 lipoxygenase was identified in rat brain. |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lox | 1.0 | cloned rat brain 12 lox generates some 15 hete watanabe et al. 1993 . 15 lox also synthesizes 12 and 15 hete from arachidonic acid kuhn et al. 2002 . |
| 2634 | CYP2J2 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily J, polypeptide 2 | arachidonic acid epoxygenase | 1.0 | eets and 20 hete: products of p450 arachidonic acid epoxygenase |
| 11609 | TBXAS1 | thromboxane A synthase 1 (platelet, cytochrome P450, family 5, subfamily A) | cytochrome p450 | 1.0 | brain parenchymal tissue metabolizes arachidonic acid via the cytochrome p450 epoxygenase to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids eets which can dilate cerebral arterioles and increase k + currents in cerebral arteriolar smooth muscle cells. |
| 11609 | TBXAS1 | thromboxane A synthase 1 (platelet, cytochrome P450, family 5, subfamily A) | cytochrome p450 | 1.0 | treatment of the donor vessels with a cytochrome p450 epoxygenase inhibitor ppoh eliminated dilator responses in both donor and detector vessels as well as hyperpolarization of detector vessels. |
| 11609 | TBXAS1 | thromboxane A synthase 1 (platelet, cytochrome P450, family 5, subfamily A) | cytochrome p450 | 1.0 | in this instance they presented evidence that cytochrome p450 derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids induced the vasodilation as well as an increase in capillary density. |
| 4571 | GRIA1 | glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA 1 | glutamate receptor | 1.0 | brief exposures 5 min of rat brain slices to _amp_#x3b1; amino 3 hydroxy 5 methyl 4 isoxazolepropionic acid ampa a glutamate receptor agonist elicited increases in arteriolar diameter and decreased vasomotion frequency which were not inhibited by the epoxygenase inhibitor miconazole lovick et al. 2005 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | the cox 2 inhibitor ns 398 was ineffective as were two cytochrome p450 antagonists ms ppoh and miconazole suggesting that cox 2 and p450 metabolites do not play a significant role in vasodilation as compared to cox 1 metabolites. |
| 11609 | TBXAS1 | thromboxane A synthase 1 (platelet, cytochrome P450, family 5, subfamily A) | cytochrome p450 | 1.0 | the cox 2 inhibitor ns 398 was ineffective as were two cytochrome p450 antagonists ms ppoh and miconazole suggesting that cox 2 and p450 metabolites do not play a significant role in vasodilation as compared to cox 1 metabolites. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | 2006 observed dense immunohistochemical staining for cox 1 but not cox 2 in the astrocytic endfeet that ensheath cortical arterioles as well as in small cells with a morphology typical of microglial cells. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | cox 2 expression and prostaglandin e2 production are enhanced in the spinal cord after peripheral tissue injury and subsequent inflammation dirig and yaksh 1999 ichitani et al. 1997 nakayama et al. 2002 an |
| 4326 | GLRA1 | glycine receptor, alpha 1 | glycine receptor | 1.0 | the inhibitory strychnine sensitive glycine receptor was identified as a specific target of pge 2 but not of pgf 2_amp_#x3b1; pgd 2 or pgi 2 which reduced inhibitory glycinergic synaptic transmission at low nanomolar concentrations whereas gaba ampa an |
| 9388 | PRKAR1A | protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type I, alpha (tissue specific extinguisher 1) | camp dependent protein kinase | 1.0 | inhibition of glycine receptors occurred via a postsynaptic mechanism involving activation of ep2 receptors cholera toxin sensitive g proteins and camp dependent protein kinase. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | constitutive levels of cox 2 in the spinal cord are low but peripheral inflammation upregulates this enzyme beiche et al. 1996 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | in the brain synaptic activity regulates the basal expression of cox 2. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | furthermore cox 2 is localized in neuronal dendritic spines where active synapses are located kaufmann et al. 1996 implying that both constitutive and inducible cox 2 may participate in synaptic plasticity. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | selective cox 2 inhibition significantly reduced postsynaptic excitability back propagation of dendritic action potential associated ca 2+ influx and induction of long term potentiation in hippocampal dentate granul |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | these results are consistent with a likely role of pge 2 generated by cox 2 in the regulation of membrane excitability and long term synaptic plasticity in hippocampal perforant path_amp_#x2013;dentate gyrus synapses. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | cox 2 synthesized pge 2 may act on pg receptors within the same neuron or in neighboring neurons. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | administration of a selective cox 2 inhibitor to eliminate endogenous pge 2 reduced somatic and dendritic membrane excitability in hippocampal ca1 pyramidal neurons in brain slices. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | as reversed by applications of pge 2 which produced significant increases in frequency of firing excitatory postsynaptic potential amplitude and temporal summation in slices previously treated with a cox 2 inhibitor chen and bazan 2005 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | an interesting new finding is that there is a profound difference between nsaids with different selectivities for cox 1 and cox 2 with regard to their effects on the synthesis of endogenous levels of rat brain kynurenic acid kyna schwieler et al. 2005 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | nsaids displaying an inhibitory action on cox 1 increased brain kyna formation whereas cox 2 selective inhibitors had the opposite effect. |
| 4571 | GRIA1 | glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA 1 | glutamate receptor | 1.0 | an inhibitory action on cox 1 could possibly contribute to a reduction in glutamatergic transmission along pain recognition pathways thus enhancing analgesic activity because kynurenic acid acts as a glutamate receptor antagonist with some selectivity for the nmda receptor. |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lox | 1.0 | much of the interest in the role of lipoxygenases as modulators of synaptic function in the central nervous system has been focused on 12 lox. |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lox | 1.0 | detection of 12 lox mrna was reported in neuronal cultures palluy et al. 1994 . |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lox | 1.0 | in 1990 several groups suggested that arachidonic acid or one of its 12 lox metabolites might function as a retrograde messenger in long term potentiation ltp and long term depression ltd in the hippocampus. |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lox | 1.0 | two 12 lox metabolites of arachidonic acid 12 hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid hete and 12 hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid 12 hpete significantly increased k + stimulated release of glutamate from hippocampal synapt |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lox | 1.0 | 1990 demonstrated that the 12 lox pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism in cerebral cortical slices was stimulated by glutamate and n methyl d aspartate with the formation of 12 hete. |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lox | 1.0 | however in this instance 12 lox products attenuated depolarization evoked accumulation of intraterminal free ca 2+ and glutamate. |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lox | 1.0 | they proposed that while arachidonic acid acts as a positive modulator of the glutamate release involved in long term potentiation 12 lox metabolites provide signals designed to limit neurotransmitter release. |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | further evidence for an involvement of 12 lox rather than 5 lox or a cyclooxygenase in homosynaptic long term depression of the hippocampus was obtained using selective inhibitors for each of these enzymes. |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lox | 1.0 | further evidence for an involvement of 12 lox rather than 5 lox or a cyclooxygenase in homosynaptic long term depression of the hippocampus was obtained using selective inhibitors for each of these enzymes. |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lox | 1.0 | the 12 lox inhibitor baicalein was the most effective in blocking hippocampal ltd normandin et al. 1996 indicating that 12 lox metabolites may be important factors controlling the expression of hippocampal ltd. |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lox | 1.0 | oncentrations caused a decrease and high concentrations an increase in agonist binding which was a consequence of modifications to receptor affinity and not to changes in the number of binding sites. 12 lox inhibitors preferentially reduced the pla 2 induced decrease in ampa binding and the addition of 12 hpete decreased ampa binding. |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lox | 1.0 | the 12 lox inhibitor baicalein totally blocked ltd in the ca1 region of hippocampal slices. |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lox | 1.0 | overall these results were consistent with the concept that arachidonic acid metabolites produced by the 12 lox pathway could account for ampa receptor alterations for both ltp and ltd. |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lox | 1.0 | 2003 in a recent multidisciplinary study gave evidence for a role of 12 lox metabolites in metabotropic glutamate receptor dependent long term depression at hippocampal ca3_amp_#x2013;ca1 synapses. |
| 4571 | GRIA1 | glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA 1 | glutamate receptor | 1.0 | 2003 in a recent multidisciplinary study gave evidence for a role of 12 lox metabolites in metabotropic glutamate receptor dependent long term depression at hippocampal ca3_amp_#x2013;ca1 synapses. |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lox | 1.0 | their results strongly support the hypothesis that a 12 lox pathway is required for the induction of metabotropic glutamate receptor dependent ltd but is not required for ltp. |
| 4571 | GRIA1 | glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA 1 | glutamate receptor | 1.0 | their results strongly support the hypothesis that a 12 lox pathway is required for the induction of metabotropic glutamate receptor dependent ltd but is not required for ltp. |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lox | 1.0 | the 12 lox metabolite of arachidonic acid 12 s hpete appeared to satisfy all the requirements of a messenger molecule that is actively recruited for the induction of metabotropic glutamate receptor dependent lt |
| 4571 | GRIA1 | glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA 1 | glutamate receptor | 1.0 | the 12 lox metabolite of arachidonic acid 12 s hpete appeared to satisfy all the requirements of a messenger molecule that is actively recruited for the induction of metabotropic glutamate receptor dependent ltd. |
| 11609 | TBXAS1 | thromboxane A synthase 1 (platelet, cytochrome P450, family 5, subfamily A) | cytochrome p450 | 1.0 | in contrast to the cyclo and lipo oxygenases there is currently little evidence that the metabolites of arachidonic acid generated by cytochrome p450 epoxygenase play a significant role in the modulation of synaptic transmission in the cns. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | the development of cox deficient mice has allowed investigators to study the individual roles of the cox 1 and cox 2 isoforms. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | cox 2 deficient mice have poor survival rates reduced resolution of gastrointestinal ulcers progressive renal disease reduced ovulation fertilization implantation and decidualization normal uninduced pg le |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | it is noteworthy that central nervous system involvement does not appear in these lists and that for the maintenance of normal physiology cox 2 appears to play a more critical role. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | at 30 to 40 min after il 1_amp_#x3b2; cox 1 ko mice showed a smaller reduction in milk intake in comparison with wild type mice whereas cox 2 mice responded more like wild type animals. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | however at 90 to 120 min after il 1_amp_#x3b2; administration cox 2 ko mice showed only small responses while cox 1 ko mice responded normally. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | this result suggests that while cox 1 is primarily involved in the early phase of milk intake cox 2 is more responsible for the later phase swiergiel and dunn 2002 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | iadecola et al. 2001a and iadecola et al. 2001b have demonstrated reduced and increased susceptibility to ischemic brain injury in cox 2 and cox 1 deficient mice respectively. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | 2004 also observed a decreased level of neuronal injury produced by transient global ischemia in cox 2 deficient mice in comparison with wild type mice. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | various lines of evidence implicate cox 2 in fever production. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | its expression is enhanced in the brain after peripheral intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide lps or intravenous and intracerebral il 1_amp_#x3b2; administration whereas cox 2 inhibitors suppress the fever induced by these pyrogens cao et al. 1996 cao et al. 1997 cao et al. 2001 ek et al. 2001 and minghetti et al. 1999 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | 1999 assessed the febrile response to injection of intraperitoneal lps in cox 1 and cox 2 deficient mice. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | the wild type and cox 1 _amp_#x2212;/_amp_#x2212; mice responded to lps with a 1_amp_#xb0;c rise in temperature whereas the cox 2 _amp_#x2212;/_amp_#x2212; mice displayed no increase in temperature indicating that cox 2 is necessary for lps induced fever production. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | _amp_#x2212;/_amp_#x2212; mice displayed no increase in temperature indicating that cox 2 is necessary for lps induced fever production. |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lipoxygenase | 1.0 | experiments on 12 lipoxygenase deficient mice indicate that this enzyme may depress responses to morphine and cocaine. |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lox | 1.0 | in addition the 12 lox deficient mice demonstrated enhanced signs of opiate withdrawal. |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lox | 1.0 | cocaine mediated increases in locomotor activity were augmented acutely but not chronically in 12 lox _amp_#x2212;/_amp_#x2212; mice walters et al. 2003 . |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lox | 1.0 | together these results suggest a role for 12 lox products in morphine and cocaine behavioral responses. |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | studies with 5 lox deficient transgenic animals suggest that this enzyme may contribute to anxiety and depression like behaviors manev and manev 2004 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | endocannabinoids and cox 2 |
| 3553 | FAAH | fatty acid amide hydrolase | fatty acid amide hydrolase | 1.0 | the principal enzyme for the metabolism of aea is fatty acid amide hydrolase faah . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | in addition to these hydrolytic pathways endocannabinoids can be selectively oxygenated by a cox 2 pathway kozak and marnett 2002 and yu et al. 1997 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | inhibition of cox 2 can potentiate the action of these endocannabinoids kim and alger 2004 . |
| 9393 | PRKCA | protein kinase C, alpha | protein kinase c | 1.0 | furthermore metabolites of aea and 2 ag derived from cox 2 possess biological activity including the activation of protein kinase c as well as having effects on the contractility of smooth muscle preparations nirodi et al. 2004 and ross et al. 2002 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | furthermore metabolites of aea and 2 ag derived from cox 2 possess biological activity including the activation of protein kinase c as well as having effects on the contractility of smooth muscle preparations nirodi et al. 2004 and ross et al. 2002 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | prostanoids derived from both aea and 2 ag are significantly more stable metabolically than free acid pgs suggesting that cox 2 action on endocannabinoids may provide oxygenated lipids with sufficiently long half lives to act as systemic mediators or pro drugs kozak et al. 2004 and patrignani et al. 2005 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | ns 398 completely inhibited the pge 2 production induced by either aea or maea a selective cox 2 inhibitor indicating induction of cox 2. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | aea and maea increased the expression of cox 2 protein an action that am 251 a selective cannabinoid receptor 1 agonist partially inhibited. |
| 2159 | CNR1 | cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain) | cannabinoid receptor 1 | 1.0 | aea and maea increased the expression of cox 2 protein an action that am 251 a selective cannabinoid receptor 1 agonist partially inhibited. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | additionally aea increased cox 2 promoter activity. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | 2005 suggested that aea increases cox 2 expression at the transcriptional level through a cannabinoid receptor 1 mediated mechanism in the cerebral microvascular endothelium. |
| 2159 | CNR1 | cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain) | cannabinoid receptor 1 | 1.0 | 2005 suggested that aea increases cox 2 expression at the transcriptional level through a cannabinoid receptor 1 mediated mechanism in the cerebral microvascular endothelium. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | 2005 concluded that oxidation of ecb by cox 2 decreases their level in the hippocampus thus enhancing ltp. ecbs which are generated during robust stimulation of hippocampal slices stella et al. 1997 tonically decrease basal excitatory transmissi |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | conversely inhibition of cox 2 prevented ltp in hippocampal dentate neurons kim and alger 2004 leading to the conclusion that cox 2 regulates the formation of cb1 ligands that negatively regulate ltp. |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lox | 1.0 | these increases sustained at up to 30 min post injury confirmed the previous observations and demonstrated an involvement of 12 lox in the injury process. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | cox 2 is an important mediator of neuroinflammation feng et al. 1993 . |
| 1504 | CASP3 | caspase 3, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase | caspase 3 | 1.0 | pge 2 one of its products is implicated in inflammation and the apoptosis of cortical cells by acting on the ep2 receptor which in turn activates caspase 3 a pro apoptotic agent takadera et al. 2002 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | concussive injury of the rat cerebral cortex caused a bilateral induction of cox 2 mrna in the cortex and dentate gyrus. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | cox 2 activity was detectable in these areas and persisted in the ipsilateral cortex for at least 72 h kunz et al. 2002 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | upregulation of cox 2 mrna has also been observed in the rat spinal cord following a traumatic injury adachi et al. 2005 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | cox 2 immunoreactivity in this instance was observed only in endothelial cells of the blood vessels and not in neurons astrocytes monocytes macrophages or microglia at 6 h after injury. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | 1998 observed trauma induced cox 2 mrna expression in spinal cord neurons and around blood vessels and dash et al. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | 2000 found cox 2 protein almost exclusively in neurons. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | the effects of cox 2 inhibition on recovery following traumatic brain injury tbi in rats have been contradictory. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | 2000 using celecoxib observed a worsening of motor but not cognitive performance and suggested that cox 2 induction following tbi may play a protective role. |
| 11609 | TBXAS1 | thromboxane A synthase 1 (platelet, cytochrome P450, family 5, subfamily A) | cytochrome p450 | 1.0 | inhibitors of phospholipase a 2 and cytochrome p450 epoxygenase blocked this capacitative ca 2+ entry from the extracellular space indicating a role for these enzymes in capacitative ca 2+ influx with the restoration of normal intracellular ca 2+ leve |
| 403 | ALDH3A2 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A2 | fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase | 1.0 | it is caused by a deficiency of the microsomal fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase de laurenzi et al. 1996 . |
| 403 | ALDH3A2 | aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A2 | fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase | 1.0 | the deficiency of fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase is also accompanied by the accumulation of aldehyde modified lipids or fatty alcohols in sls. |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | although the treatment of sls patients with the 5 lox inhibitor zileuton blocks peripheral sls symptoms and inhibits ltb 4 synthesis it does not improve cns symptoms willemsen et al. 2001b . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | studies on cox 1 and cox 2 gene deletion provided some information on the roles of these enzymes in stroke injury. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | cox 2 deficient mice displayed a reduced susceptibility to ischemic brain injury and nmda neurotoxicity iadecola et al. 2001a and sasaki et al. 2004 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | conversely mice with neuronal overexpression of cox 2 had increased levels of pge 2 with significant increases in infarct volume following middle cerebral artery occlusion dore et al. 2003 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | clinical trials have recently revealed that long term therapy with cox 2 inhibitors increases the incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke which has been attributed to blockade of the vasoprotective effects of cox 2 derived pgi 2 fitzgerald 2003 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | inhibitors increases the incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke which has been attributed to blockade of the vasoprotective effects of cox 2 derived pgi 2 fitzgerald 2003 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | recent studies have demonstrated that pge 2 may be responsible for the neurotoxic effects of cox 2 manabe et al. 2004 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | prostaglandin ep1 receptors may be essential for the neurotoxic effects of cox 2 derived pge 2 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | cox 2 mrna is upregulated in the ischemic rat cerebral hemisphere beginning 6 h after ischemia and reaching a maximum after 12 h nogawa et al. 1997 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | neurons at the medial edge of the ischemic area had cox 2 immunoreactivity and the injured brain had elevated pge 2 levels. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | these data would appear to implicate cox 2 in the mechanisms of delayed neuronal death. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | arachidonic acid released during stroke ischemic or hemorrhagic by pla 2 activation may be converted to prostaglandins by both cox 1 and cox 2 during the immediate response and predominantly by cox 2 during the delayed response murakami et al. 2002 . spla 2 upregulates cox 2 bidgood et al. 2000 and is functionally coupled with cox 2 but not with cox 1 balsinde et al. 1998 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | during the delayed response murakami et al. 2002 . spla 2 upregulates cox 2 bidgood et al. 2000 and is functionally coupled with cox 2 but not with cox 1 balsinde et al. 1998 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | substantial increases in cox 2 mrna and protein levels occur in the peri infarct and focal ischemic areas of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion mcao at 3 to 12 h and 12 to 24 h respectively. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | in the ischemic core significant increases in cox 2 mrna followed 6 h of ischemia. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | the ischemic core during ischemic periods did not show increases in cox 2 protein. |
| 9391 | PRKAR2A | protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, alpha | protein kinase a | 1.0 | pharmacologic blockade of ep2 signaling by blockade of protein kinase a activation reversed this protective effect mccullough et al. 2004 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | in another human study cox 1 expressed intensely in microglia but weakly in neurons in control brains whereas cox 2 was absent in control autopsied brains. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | however cox 2 was induced robustly in neurons during the acute phase of focal ischemia and subsided during the subacute phases. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | cox 2 was also upregulated in microglia during focal ischemia tomimoto et al. 2002 . |
| 15917 | PLCB1 | phospholipase C, beta 1 (phosphoinositide-specific) | phospholipase c | 1.0 | the phospholipase c plc inhibitor u73122 also failed to depress significantly ischemia/reperfusion evoked arachidonic acid efflux. |
| 11609 | TBXAS1 | thromboxane A synthase 1 (platelet, cytochrome P450, family 5, subfamily A) | cytochrome p450 | 1.0 | they ascertained the abilities of inhibitors of pla 2 as well as inhibitors of cox lox and cytochrome p450 isozymes to reverse the depolarization. |
| 11609 | TBXAS1 | thromboxane A synthase 1 (platelet, cytochrome P450, family 5, subfamily A) | cytochrome p450 | 1.0 | pretreatment of slice preparations with the pla 2 inhibitor 4 bromophenylacyl bromide pbpb or the cytochrome p450 inhibitor 17 octadecynoic acid 17 oda significantly restored the membrane potential to pre exposure levels after the reintroduction of oxygen and glucose. |
| 11609 | TBXAS1 | thromboxane A synthase 1 (platelet, cytochrome P450, family 5, subfamily A) | cytochrome p450 | 1.0 | iments was that activation of the arachidonic acid cascade via pla 2 and free radical production by arachidonic acid metabolism contribute to the irreversible depolarization by in vitro ischemia with cytochrome p450 isozymes making a major contribution. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | pretreatment with indomethacin an inhibitor of cox 1 and cox 2 reduced infarct size following focal ischemia with reperfusion in rats buccellati et al. 1998 reduced ischemia evoked ca1 hippocampal injury in a gerbil model sasaki et al. 1988 and suppressed hypere |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | ibuprofen which also inhibits both cox 1 and cox 2 reduced neuronal injury and improved cerebral blood flow and neurological outcome in global ischemia grice et al. 1987 kuhn et al. 1986 park et al. 2005 and patel et al. 1993 with decreased infarct s |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | the recent development of selective cox 2 inhibitors has stimulated a number of studies of their efficacy as cerebroprotective agents. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | the beneficial effects of ns 389 on ischemic brain injury were not apparent in mice with deletion of the inducible nitric oxide synthase nos gene which suggests that cox 2 reaction products may be another mechanism by which inos derived nitric oxide contributes to ischemic brain injury nagayama et al. 1999 . |
| 7873 | NOS2A | nitric oxide synthase 2A (inducible, hepatocytes) | nitric oxide synthase | 1.0 | the beneficial effects of ns 389 on ischemic brain injury were not apparent in mice with deletion of the inducible nitric oxide synthase nos gene which suggests that cox 2 reaction products may be another mechanism by which inos derived nitric oxide contributes to ischemic brain injury nagayama et al. 1999 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | another cox 2 inhibitor nimesulide effectively limited hippocampal damage following forebrain ischemia in the gerbil candelario jalil et al. 2002b and candelario jalil et al. 2003a and mouse sasaki et al. 2004 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | the degree of hippocampal neuronal injury produced by global ischemia in cox 2 deficient mice was less than that in wild type mice sasaki et al. 2004 further demonstrating involvement of this enzyme in ischemic injury to the brain. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | selective inhibition of cox 1 by valerylsalicylate or of cox 2 by rofecoxib was used to assess the relative contributions of the two enzymes to ischemia induced oxidative damage in the gerbil brain candelario jalil et al. 2003b . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | the highly selective cox 2 inhibitor dfu was neuroprotective when administered several hours after transient cerebral ischemia in gerbils candelario jalil et al. 2002a . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | the selective cox 2 inhibitors sc58125 and sc58326 are neuroprotective in rat global and focal cerebral ischemia models respectively govoni et al. 2001 and nakayama et al. 1998 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | 2004 examined whether the selective cox 2 inhibitor celecoxib reduces cerebral inflammation and edema after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | s 2474 a novel nsaid suppresses cox 2 at low nanomolar levels but does not affect cox 1. |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | neurons immunostaining for 5 lox were upregulated in sites of focal ischemic damage of human brains tomimoto et al. 2002 and immunoreactive glial cells appeared in injured areas. 5 lox immunoreactive leukocytes infiltrated small blood vessels. |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | cerebral ischemia in the gerbil brain of 5 min duration led to an upregulation of 5 lox immunoreactivity in neurons and an increase in ltc 4 in all regions of the forebrain with the largest increase in the hippocampus ohtsuki et al. 1995 . |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | 2001 demonstrated significant protection of ca1 pyramidal cells following the application of two non selective lox inhibitors nordihydroguaiaretic acid and esculentin a selective 5 lox inhibitor aa861 and two selective 12 lox inhibitors baicalein and cinnamyl 3 4 dihydroxy _amp_#x3b1; cyanocinnamate. |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lox | 1.0 | ignificant protection of ca1 pyramidal cells following the application of two non selective lox inhibitors nordihydroguaiaretic acid and esculentin a selective 5 lox inhibitor aa861 and two selective 12 lox inhibitors baicalein and cinnamyl 3 4 dihydroxy _amp_#x3b1; cyanocinnamate. |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | the importance of 5 lox is further supported by evidence indicating that the gene encoding 5 lox activating protein confers a risk of stroke in humans helgadottir et al. 2004 and lohmussaar et al. 2005 . |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | no significant differences in infarct size between control and 5 lipoxygenase ko mice were evident after permanent or transient 60 min cerebral ischemia kitagawa et al. 2004 indicating that 5 lox is not essential for ischemic injury to the brain. |
| 11609 | TBXAS1 | thromboxane A synthase 1 (platelet, cytochrome P450, family 5, subfamily A) | cytochrome p450 | 1.0 | eets are the only cytochrome p450 metabolites of arachidonic acid produced by endothelial cells. |
| 2634 | CYP2J2 | cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily J, polypeptide 2 | arachidonic acid epoxygenase | 1.0 | 2002 reported that tia induces the expression of p450 2c11 an arachidonic acid epoxygenase which is upregulated in the brain after a 2 h mcao with 24 h of reperfusion. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | these enzymes include pla 2 cox 2 lox and epox. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | marked increases in cox 2 and 5 lox mrna and protein levels occur following kainate injections in rat brain adams et al. 1996 manev et al. 1998 and sandhya et al. 1998 . |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | marked increases in cox 2 and 5 lox mrna and protein levels occur following kainate injections in rat brain adams et al. 1996 manev et al. 1998 and sandhya et al. 1998 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | this increase in cox 2 and 5 lox can be prevented by not only glutamate receptor antagonists koistinaho et al. 1999 and pepicelli et al. 2002 but also by cox 2 and 5 lox inhibitors manev et al. 2000a and pepicelli et al. 2002 indicating that generation of prostaglandins thromboxanes and leukotrienes is a receptor mediated process. |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | this increase in cox 2 and 5 lox can be prevented by not only glutamate receptor antagonists koistinaho et al. 1999 and pepicelli et al. 2002 but also by cox 2 and 5 lox inhibitors manev et al. 2000a and pepicelli et al. 2002 indicating that generation of prostaglandins thromboxanes and leukotrienes is a receptor mediated process. |
| 4571 | GRIA1 | glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA 1 | glutamate receptor | 1.0 | this increase in cox 2 and 5 lox can be prevented by not only glutamate receptor antagonists koistinaho et al. 1999 and pepicelli et al. 2002 but also by cox 2 and 5 lox inhibitors manev et al. 2000a and pepicelli et al. 2002 indicating that generation of prostaglandins thromboxa |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | the role of cox 2 and 5 lox in excitotoxicity is also supported by microdialysis studies in vivo in hippocampus of freely moving rats pepicelli et al. 2005 . |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | the role of cox 2 and 5 lox in excitotoxicity is also supported by microdialysis studies in vivo in hippocampus of freely moving rats pepicelli et al. 2005 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | pge 2 and 8 epi pgf 2_amp_#x3b1; generation can be blocked by the infusion of nmda antagonists as well as cox 1 and cox 2 inhibitors indicating that both cox 1 and cox 2 contribute to the prostaglandin synthesis and oxidative damage in excitotoxicity pepicelli et al. 2005 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | his cross talk refines communication among glutamate prostaglandin leukotriene and thromboxane receptors but under pathological situations it promotes neuronal injury that depends on the magnitude of cox 2 and 5 lox expression iadecola et al. 2001a nakayama et al. 1998 and pepicelli et al. 2005 . |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | talk refines communication among glutamate prostaglandin leukotriene and thromboxane receptors but under pathological situations it promotes neuronal injury that depends on the magnitude of cox 2 and 5 lox expression iadecola et al. 2001a nakayama et al. 1998 and pepicelli et al. 2005 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | it is likely that increased cox 2 and 5 lox activities and high levels of their reaction products are involved in extending excitotoxicity and oxidative stress during neurodegeneration. |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | it is likely that increased cox 2 and 5 lox activities and high levels of their reaction products are involved in extending excitotoxicity and oxidative stress during neurodegeneration. |
| 11609 | TBXAS1 | thromboxane A synthase 1 (platelet, cytochrome P450, family 5, subfamily A) | cytochrome p450 | 1.0 | however it is reported that g protein coupled metabotropic glutamate receptors are functionally linked to plc and cytochrome p450 arachidonate epoxygenase activity gebremedhin et al. 2003 indicating that excitotoxicity may also involve epox activity. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | the neurochemical consequences of increased cox 2 and 5 lox activities and high levels of their products include not only the generation of highly reactive oxygen free radical species with their potent damaging effects on neural membrane phospholipi |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | the neurochemical consequences of increased cox 2 and 5 lox activities and high levels of their products include not only the generation of highly reactive oxygen free radical species with their potent damaging effects on neural membrane phospholipids protein |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | our emphasis on the interaction between glutamate receptors and cox 2 and 5 lox activities and their reaction products does not rule out the participation of other mechanisms involved in neural cell injury. |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | our emphasis on the interaction between glutamate receptors and cox 2 and 5 lox activities and their reaction products does not rule out the participation of other mechanisms involved in neural cell injury. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | however it is timely and appropriate to apply the concept of synergism between glutamate and cox 2 and 5 lox generated products and their receptors to neural cell injury. |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | however it is timely and appropriate to apply the concept of synergism between glutamate and cox 2 and 5 lox generated products and their receptors to neural cell injury. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | the synergistic actions of glutamate and cox 2 and 5 lox generated products may be rapid whereas in neurodegenerative disorders in which oxygen and nutrients are available to the nerve cell and ionic gradients are maintained to a limited extent d |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | hereas in neurodegenerative disorders in which oxygen and nutrients are available to the nerve cell and ionic gradients are maintained to a limited extent due to the availability of atp glutamate and cox 2 and 5 lox product mediated damage may take a longer time to develop. |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | the synergistic actions of glutamate and cox 2 and 5 lox generated products may be rapid whereas in neurodegenerative disorders in which oxygen and nutrients are available to the nerve cell and ionic gradients are maintained to a limited extent due to the |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | neurodegenerative disorders in which oxygen and nutrients are available to the nerve cell and ionic gradients are maintained to a limited extent due to the availability of atp glutamate and cox 2 and 5 lox product mediated damage may take a longer time to develop. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | these studies suggest that cox 2 and 5 lox generated products along with free radical formation play critical roles in brain damage mediated by the excitotoxicity. |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | these studies suggest that cox 2 and 5 lox generated products along with free radical formation play critical roles in brain damage mediated by the excitotoxicity. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | seizures activate cytosolic pla 2 visioli et al. 1994 and induce the expression of cytosolic pla 2 kajiwara et al. 1996 and cox 2 marcheselli and bazan 1996 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | in rat brain cox 2 mrna is preferentially expressed in neurons where it is developmentally regulated tocco et al. 1997 and cox 2 expression is induced by kainic acid induced seizures chen et al. 1995 and tocco et al. 1997 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | glutamate excitotoxicity in primary cultures of rat cortico hippocampal neurons is also associated with increased expression of cox 2 tocco et al. 1997 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | induction of cox 2 but not cox 1 gene expression has been demonstrated to precede apoptosis in the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus ho et al. 1998 and may contribute to the mechanisms leading to apoptosis. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | in another seizure model the genetically epilepsy susceptible e1 mouse expression of cox 2 in the hippocampus was upregulated after an epileptic seizure and indomethacin a cox 2 inhibitor shortened the duration from seizure onset to full recovery okada et al. 2001 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | a rat hippocampal kindling model enabled a study of the role of cox 2 in seizure activity. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | cox 2 encoded in an early response gene increased in a synaptic activity dependent manner with induction becoming evident initially in hippocampal neurons and then spreading to cortical neurons. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | when rats were rekindled 34 days later this spreading of cox 2 expression persisted. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | the cox 2 selective inhibitor nimesulide attenuated kindling development tu and bazan 2003 thus neuronal cox 2 gene induction and cpla 2 activation are key signaling events in epileptogenesis. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | 2003 examined the effects of cox 2 on the _amp_#x2018;rapid kindling_amp_#x2019; development in cox 2 knockout mice and mice treated with nimesulide. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | they also measured cox 2 mrna expression and pge 2 concentrations. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | kindling in hippocampal neurons of control mice markedly increased brain cox 2 mrna levels with a significant increase in pge 2 levels. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | moreover conditions of cox 2 deficiency significantly decreased the incidence of after discharges total after discharge duration and seizure behavior induction suggesting that inducible cox 2 facilitates the recurrence of hippocampal seizures. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | 1999 developed a transgenic mouse model with neuronal overexpression of the human cox 2 to further explore its role in excitotoxicity. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | overexpression of hcox 2 potentiated the intensity and lethality of kainic acid excitotoxicity thus demonstrating a cause_amp_#x2013;effect relationship between neuronal cox 2 expression and excitotoxicity. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | hcox 2 | 1.0 | overexpression of hcox 2 potentiated the intensity and lethality of kainic acid excitotoxicity thus demonstrating a cause_amp_#x2013;effect relationship between neuronal cox 2 expression and excitotoxicity. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | the cox 2 selective inhibitor rofecoxib significantly reduced kainate induced cell death in the rat hippocampus kunz and oliw 2001b . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | another selective cox 2 inhibitor celecoxib was effective in reducing electroshock induced convulsions in rats shafiq et al. 2003 whereas nimesulide aggravated kainic acid induced seizures in the rat kunz and oliw 2001a . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | with the exception of high temperature febrile induced seizures no reports on the effects of cox 2 inhibitors on epileptic seizures in humans have appeared. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | a marked increase of cox 1 and cox 2 expression and immunoreactivity in cerebral cortex and hippocampal regions of ad brains correlates with the number of senile plaques neuronal atrophy and increased levels of pge 2 found in ad pasinet |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | the neuroprotective effects of cox 1 and cox 2 inhibitors nsaid strongly support the view that upregulation of these enzymes in ad is detrimental to neuronal survival. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | the molecular mechanism by which cox 1 and cox 2 promote amyloidogenic accumulation of _amp_#x3b2; amyloid peptide is not fully understood. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | cox 1 and cox 2 potentiate _amp_#x3b2; amyloid peptide generation through mechanisms that involve _amp_#x3b3; secretase activity qin et al. 2003 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | furthermore cox 2 expression is also involved in regulation of cell cycle activity and cell cycle abnormalities are associated with the pathogenesis of ad. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | re entry into the cell cycle may underlie cox 2 mediated neuronal damage in ad xiang et al. 2002 . |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | upregulation of 5 lox expression has also been reported to occur in various regions of older rat brain compared to younger animals manev et al. 2000b and uz et al. 1998 . |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | the significance of 5 lox upregulation in aged rat brain remains unknown. |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | however increased 5 lox activity may make neurons vulnerable to various insults including excitotoxicity and oxidative stress uz et al. 1998 . |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | based on these findings 5 lox gene polymorphism has been proposed for the onset of ad manev 2000 and qu et al. 2001 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | the sporadic form of this disease is characterized by a prominent neuroinflammatory component upregulation of cox 2 mrna and oxidative stress yasojima et al. 2001 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | upregulation of cox 2 mrna also occurs in sod1 transgenic mice at the onset of als almer et al. 2001 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | in an organotypic cell culture model of als the addition of a selective cox 2 inhibitor sc236 blocked the destruction of motor neurons drachman and rothstein 2000 suggesting that cox 2 may play an important role in inflammatory processes in als. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | similarly treatment with celecoxib another cox 2 inhibitor prolongs the survival of neurons in the sod1 mouse model of als drachman et al. 2002 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | although upregulation of cox 2 and pge 2 levels may not be the root cause of als alterations in these parameters may be responsible for the induction and maintenance of inflammation during the progression of als. |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | superoxide dismutase | 1.0 | the substantia nigra has increased lipid peroxidation iron levels and superoxide dismutase sod activity. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | at present nothing is known about the expression of cox 2 in patients with pd. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | however involvement of cox 2 in the pathogenesis of pd has been explored in an animal model treated with n methyl 4 phenyl 1 2 3 6 tetrahydropyridine mptp as well as in cox 2 gene knockout mice feng et al. 2003 and teismann et al. 2003 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | thus a lower mortality rate has been reported after mptp injection in heterozygous cox 2 deficient mice than in the wild type mice and inhibition of cox 2 protein expression decreases the lesions caused by mptp and protects dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | the molecular mechanism associated with cox 2 mediated neurodegeneration in animal models of pd remains unknown. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | however cox 2 inhibition may prevent the formation of the oxidant species of reactive quinones. |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lox | 1.0 | a decrease in gsh triggers the activation of neuronal 12 lox resulting in the production of 12 lox generated products and peroxides li et al. 1997 . |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lox | 1.0 | treatment of cell cultures with 12 lox inhibitors blocks neuronal cell death induced by gsh depletion. |
| 9449 | PRNP | prion protein (p27-30) (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann-Strausler-Scheinker syndrome, fatal familial insomnia) | prion protein prp | 1.0 | neuronal loss gliosis and accumulation of abnormal extracellular _amp_#x3b2; helix rich prion protein prp sc characterize cjd. |
| 9449 | PRNP | prion protein (p27-30) (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann-Strausler-Scheinker syndrome, fatal familial insomnia) | prion protein prp | 1.0 | this abnormal protein is an isoform of a normally occurring _amp_#x3b1; helix rich prion protein prp c whose function has not been clearly elucidated brown 1999 and prusiner 2001 . |
| 11179 | SOD1 | superoxide dismutase 1, soluble (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1 (adult)) | superoxide dismutase | 1.0 | the observation that prp c regulates cu 2+ /zn 2+ superoxide dismutase suggests that prp c is involved in redox balance. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | using rt pcr and western blotting both cox 1 and cox 2 are significantly increased in brains from cjd patients compared to age matched controls implicating both enzymes in the pathogenesis of cjd deininger et al. 2003 . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | in csf from sporadic and familial cjd and in brain homogenates of scrapie infected mice the upregulation of cox 1 and cox 2 is accompanied by a several fold increase in concentrations of pge 2 and f 2 isoprostane 8 epi prostaglandin f 2_amp_#x3b1; 8 epi pgf 2_amp_#x3b1; compared to age matched controls minghetti et al. 20 |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | the 5 lox pathway may mediate the prp106_amp_#x2013;126 toxicity. |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | this suggestion is based on the observation that prp106_amp_#x2013;126 mediated neurodegeneration can be blocked by 5 lox inhibitors such as nordihydroguaiaretic acid and caffeic acid. |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | these inhibitors also prevent the prp106_amp_#x2013;126 induced caspase 3 activation and annexin v binding involved in 5 lox mediated apoptosis. |
| 1504 | CASP3 | caspase 3, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase | caspase 3 | 1.0 | these inhibitors also prevent the prp106_amp_#x2013;126 induced caspase 3 activation and annexin v binding involved in 5 lox mediated apoptosis. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | in contrast indomethacin a cox 1 and cox 2 inhibitor and baicalein a 12 lox inhibitor do not affect prp106_amp_#x2013;126 induced neurotoxicity in cerebellar granule neuronal cultures stewart et al. 2001 . |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lox | 1.0 | in contrast indomethacin a cox 1 and cox 2 inhibitor and baicalein a 12 lox inhibitor do not affect prp106_amp_#x2013;126 induced neurotoxicity in cerebellar granule neuronal cultures stewart et al. 2001 . |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | these observations implicate 5 lox in the pathophysiology of cjd. |
| 11765 | TGFA | transforming growth factor, alpha | transforming growth factor | 1.0 | for example pge 2 synthesis in astrocytes is more sensitive to exogenous stimuli such as transforming growth factor _amp_#x3b2;1 tgf_amp_#x3b2;1 and serum than are neurons luo et al. 1998b . |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | in astrocytes tgf_amp_#x3b2;1 upregulates cox 1 expression and serum increases cox 2 expression. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | neither tgf_amp_#x3b2;1 nor serum affects cox 1 and cox 2 expression in neurons. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | furthermore cox 1 compensates for the loss of cox 2 in the cox 2 knockout cox 2 _amp_#x2212;/_amp_#x2212; mouse brain. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | thus cox 2 _amp_#x2212;/_amp_#x2212; shows a compensatory increase in brain cox 1 expression and activity with exogenous arachidonic acid in brain tissue bosetti et al. 2004 . |
| 435 | ALOX5 | arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase | 5 lox | 1.0 | similarly neuronal and astrocytic 5 lox 12 lox and 15 lox and epox isozymes differ considerably in responses to exogenous stimuli funk 1996 and kwon et al. 2005 . |
| 429 | ALOX12 | arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase | 12 lox | 1.0 | similarly neuronal and astrocytic 5 lox 12 lox and 15 lox and epox isozymes differ considerably in responses to exogenous stimuli funk 1996 and kwon et al. 2005 . |
| 4571 | GRIA1 | glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA 1 | glutamate receptor | 1.0 | it is becoming increasingly evident that eicosanoid cannabinoid platelet activating factor and glutamate receptor mediated signaling mechanisms are linked through many common second messengers. |