)| PMID |
16101543 ( ) |
|---|---|
| Title | Prostaglandins and cyclooxygenases in glial cells during brain inflammation. |
| Abstract | Many brain disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington, stroke, head trauma, and infection, are associated with inflammation that is involved in neuropathologenesis and hyperalgesis. Microglia and astrocytes act as immune cells in the inflamed brain. Both cell types, but especially microglia, are thought to contribute to the onset of inflammation in many brain diseases by producing deleterious proinflammatory mediators. Prostaglandins (PGs), which are critical mediators of physiologic processes and inflammation, are largely produced by activated microglia and reactive astrocytes during brain inflammation. These compounds are converted from arachnoidic acid (AA) by two isoforms of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme, namely COX-1 and COX-2. In particular, the action of COX-2 and PGs in CNS inflammation has gained much attention recently. PGs have been found to act neuroprotectively by elevating intracellular cAMP levels in neurons. These molecules also function as anti-inflammatory molecules to reduce the production of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines, and to increase the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, accumulating evidence also shows that COX inhibitors alleviate various types of brain damage via suppressing inflammatory reactions. Accordingly, the roles of two COX enzymes in mediating inflammation and anti-inflammation have recently been debated. We provide here a review of recent findings indicating that the reciprocal interaction of glial cell activation, COX enzymes and PGs mediates neurodegeneration and neuroprotection during brain inflammation. In addition, the mechanism by which PGs mediate signaling is discussed. Taiwan. stzeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw |
NOTE: Color highlight is limited to the abstract and SciMiner text-mining mode. If you see much more identified targets below from "Targets by SciMiner Summary" and "Targets by SciMiner Full list", they may have been identified from the full text.
Targets by SciMiner Summary
| HUGO ID | Symbol | Target Name | #Occur | ActualStr |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | 9 | COX | COX-2 | cox 2 | |
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | 1 | COX-1 | |
Targets by SciMiner Full list
| HUGO ID | Symbol | Name | ActualStr | Score | FlankingText |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9604 | PTGS1 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-1 | 0.3 | by two isoforms of the cyclooxygenase (COX) COX enzyme namely COX-1 and COX-2 |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 1.3 | by two isoforms of the cyclooxygenase (COX) COX enzyme namely COX-1 and COX-2 |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 1.3 | isoforms of the cyclooxygenase (COX) COX enzyme namely COX-1 and COX-2 |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 0.0 | acid (AA) AA by two isoforms of the cyclooxygenase (COX) COX enzyme namely COX-1 and COX-2 |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX-2 | 1.3 | In particular the action of COX-2 and PGs in CNS inflammation has gained much attention recently |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 0.0 | However accumulating evidence also shows that COX inhibitors alleviate various types of brain damage via suppressing inflammatory |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 0.0 | Accordingly the roles of two COX enzymes in mediating inflammation and anti-inflammation have recently been debated |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | COX | 0.0 | findings indicating that the reciprocal interaction of glial cell activation COX enzymes and PGs mediates neurodegeneration and neuroprotection during brain inflammation |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | these compounds are converted from arachnoidic acid aa by two isoforms of the cyclooxygenase cox enzyme namely cox 1 and cox 2. |
| 9605 | PTGS2 | prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) | cox 2 | 1.0 | in particular the action of cox 2 and pgs in cns inflammation has gained much attention recently. |